Emotion and Adaptation

https://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/1976-12-6-12/{806b8887-c02e-40c8-a228-57f1cdb2bdba}/the-stress-of-life.pdf

The stress of life

Summary Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycaemia. Knowledge of type 1 diabetes has rapidly increased over the past 25 years, resulting in a broad understanding about many aspects of the disease, including its genetics, epidemiology, immune and β-cell phenotypes, and disease burden. Interventions to preserve β cells have been tested, and several methods to improve clinical disease management have been assessed. However, wide gaps still exist in our understanding of type 1 diabetes and our ability to standardise clinical care and decrease disease-associated complications and burden. This Seminar gives an overview of the current understanding of the disease and potential future directions for research and care.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes.

The link between fatigue and safety

http://viper.rma.ac.be/pub/Nathalie/pattyn2008e.pdf

Psychophysiological investigation of vigilance decrement: boredom or cognitive fatigue?

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can have a significant impact on brain structure and function, which is referred to as T1D-associated cognitive decline (T1DACD). Diabetes duration, early onset disease, and diabetes-associated complications are all proposed as factors contributing to T1DACD. However, there have been no comparisons in T1DACD between children and adults with T1D. To obtain a better insight into the occurrence and effects of T1DACD in T1D, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate differences between children and adults and to analyse factors contributing T1DACD.

Methods: Two electronic databases were consulted: PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Literature published up until the end of 2013 was included in the analysis. Effect sizes (Cohen's d), which are standardized differences between experimental and control groups, were calculated.

Results: There was a small to modest decrease in cognitive performance in T1D patients compared with non-diabetic controls. Children with T1D performed worse while testing for executive function, full intelligence quotient (IQ), and motor speed, whereas adults with T1D performed worse while testing the full, verbal and performance IQ, part of the executive function, memory, spatial memory, and motor speed. Episodes of severe hypoglycemia, chronic hyperglycemia, and age of onset can be significant factors influencing cognitive function in T1D.

Conclusions: The findings in the literature suggest that T1DACD is more severe in adults than children, indicating that age and diabetes duration contribute to this T1DACD.

Type 1 diabetes-associated cognitive decline: a meta-analysis and update of the current literature.

http://viper.rma.ac.be/pub/Nathalie/wuyts2012a.pdf

The influence of pre-sleep cognitive arousal on sleep onset processes

Prolonged exhaustive exercise induces a failure of the nervous system to activate the involved muscles maximally (i.e., central fatigue). Part of central fatigue may reflect insufficient output from the motor cortex (i.e., supraspinal fatigue), but the cause is unresolved. To investigate the potential link between supraspinal fatigue and changes in brain concentration of dopamine and noradrenaline in temperate environment, we combined neurophysiological methods and pharmacological manipulation of these two neurotransmitters.

Nathalie Pattyn

Papers

Psychophysiological investigation of vigilance decrement: boredom or cognitive fatigue?

Type 1 diabetes-associated cognitive decline: a meta-analysis and update of the current literature.

The influence of pre-sleep cognitive arousal on sleep onset processes

The influence of pre-sleep cognitive arousal on sleep onset processes

Effects of Noradrenaline and Dopamine on Supraspinal Fatigue in Well-Trained Men