Showing papers by "Neeraj Sharma published in 2022"

A Soft Computing-Based Analysis of Cutting Rate and Recast Layer Thickness for AZ31 Alloy on WEDM Using RSM-MOPSO

Abstract: In the present research, the AZ31 alloy is machined by wire-cut electric discharge machining (WEDM). The experiments were designed according to the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The input process variables, namely servo feed (SF), pulse on-time (Ton), servo voltage (SV), and pulse off-time (Toff), were planned by BBD, and experiments were performed to investigate the cutting rate (CR) and recast layer thickness (RCL). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the influence of machining variables on response characteristics. The empirical models developed for CR and RCL were solved using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). Pareto optimal front is used for the collective optimization of CR and RCL. The optimal solution suggested by the hybrid approach of RSM-MOPSO is further verified using a confirmation test on the random setting indicated by the hybrid algorithm. It is found that the minimum RCL (6.34 µm) is obtained at SF: 1700; SV: 51 V; Toff: 10.5 µs; and Ton: 0.5 µs. However, maximum CR (3.18 m/min) is predicted at SF: 1900; SV: 40 V; Toff: 7 µs; and Ton: 0.9 µs. The error percentage of ±5.3% between the experimental results and predicted solutions confirms the suitability of the proposed hybrid approach for WEDM of AZ31.

End-to-end authentication based secure communication in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET)

Abstract: Abstract Wireless channels are used to link vehicles in a VANET. In these networks, there is no fixed or static base station or any other kind of infrastructure support. An ad hoc network for mobile devices enables them to connect to each other without the need for a central hub. There are nodes in these networks which are Vehicles, and they may travel independently of each other in terms of location. Even if two mobile nodes aren’t within radio range of one another, a message may still be sent between them through an intermediary node in a VANET. The difficulty of maintaining routes makes VANET’s routing system a top priority. Ad hoc vehicular networking is becoming more important as utility applications become more popular. There is no reason why ad hoc networking can’t be used when there is a lack of or cumbersome access to an existing communication infrastructure. This network is susceptible due to the fact that its nodes are on the move. There is the potential for a wide range of assaults. When a network node acts maliciously and must discard the whole incoming packet, we will examine how well the AODV protocol performs. Analysis of performance measures such as PDF, AED, NRL, TCP/IP throughput and packet loss in relation to different node counts, pause times and send rates will be performed. A countermeasure to detect the rogue node will also be suggested. The NS-2 simulator will be used to carry out the simulations in question.

Optimization of WEDM Parameters While Machining Biomedical Materials Using EDAS-PSO

Abstract: In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the influence of process parameters of the wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) process on the machining characteristics. The commercially pure titanium is machined by WEDM using brass wire as an electrode. The input parameters in this work were pulse on-time (Aon), pulse off-time (Aoff), servo voltage (SV) and wire tension (WT). On the other hand, dimensional accuracy (DA), average surface roughness (Ra) and maximum surface roughness (Rz) were chosen as the response parameters. The empirical relations developed for response characteristics were solved collectively using Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The optimized setting for minimizing the surface irregularities while machining titanium alloy on WEDM is predicted as Aon: 8 μs; Aoff: 13 μs; SV: 45 V; and WT: 8 N. Moreover, the predicted solution at the optimized parametric settings came out as DA: 95%; Ra: 3.163 μm; Rz: 22.99 μm; WL: 0.0182 g; and DR: 0.1277 mm. The validation experiments at the optimized setting showed the close agreement between predicted and experimental values. The morphological study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the optimized setting revealed a significant reduction in surface defects such as micro cracks, micro cavities, globules and sub-surfaces, etc. In a nutshell, the study justified the effectiveness of EDAS-PSO in efficiently predicting the results for machining of pure titanium (Grade 2) using the WEDM process.

A Standalone Real-Time Gait Phase Detection Using Fuzzy-Logic Implementation in Arduino Nano

Abstract: This paper presents a real-time standalone computing system's design and development using an Arduino Nano controller for human gait phase detection. It acquires the lower limb segment angles using 3-inertial measurement units and foot insole-based force data using 2-force sensitive resistor sensors for each leg. Arduino IDE-based algorithms are designed to get thigh, shank, and foot angles using the I2C protocol. The force information is achieved using an insole that gathers data from the heel and toe regions. A fuzzy logic-based algorithm is developed in the Arduino IDE for the detection of 7-gait phases. MATLAB's neuro-fuzzy designer toolbox is utilized to obtain a rule base for these gait phases. The results showed that the present system gives a prediction accuracy of 89.65 (± 3)% that is good enough, along with a 20 ms prediction time to make it real-time gait phase detection. This study finds the application of a fuzzy-logic algorithm for real-time control of the ankle–foot prosthesis in an open space using a standalone system with an amputee.

Formulation and development of fixed-dose combination of bi-layer tablets of efavirenz, lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets 600 mg/300 mg/300 mg

Abstract: Objective: This study is to formulate bi-layer tablet as a multidrug regimen against each reference listed drugs of Brand SUSTIVA® (efavirenz tablets 600 mg), EPIVER®(lamivudine tablets 300 mg), and VIREAD®(tenofovir disoproxil tablets 300 mg) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Which provides highly active antiretroviral therapy to provide effective treatment. Methods: Bilayer formulation was developed with each blend of layer-I (efavirenz) and layer-II (lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) through wet granulation process and roller compaction process, respectively. Further, both layers were compressed by using bi-layer compression followed by film coating. Layer-I and II formulations were developed by using various concentrations of diluents, surfactants, and disintegrants to improve the solubility of efavirenz and improve the flowability and uniformity of layer-II. Finally, the optimum formulation was developed to compare the in vitro dissolution with each branded formulation. Results: Drug-excipients interaction results revealed that the mixtures of three drug substances in 50 °C/75 % relative humidity (RH) resulted in an increase in tenofovir IMP-E and the highest unknown impurity was significantly increased and additionally decreased tenofovir assay in the presence of efavirenz. Sodium lauryl sulfate is very critical and it acts as a wetting agent and increases the solubility of efavirenz, and directly influences the dissolution of a drug product. Microcrystalline and croscarmellose sodium have a chance to affect the dissolution and friability of tenofovir. Powdered cellulose was acting as a diluent and flow property of the lamivudine part and it also affects the uniformity and dissolution. So, these ranges were optimized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates there are no polymorphic changes for the optimized formulation and there is no interaction between the three active substances, and finally, in vitro dissolution results for the optimized formulation against the reference drugs. Conclusion: Optimum formulation yielded consistent drug release against each branded drug to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1) infections. This formulation is robust and easily scale up for the next stage.

Digital Image Processing Using Noise Removal Technique: A Non-Linear Approach

Abstract: An undesirable by-product of a captured image is Image Noise - random distribution of brightness and color misinformation. Denoising is one of the common components which is present in digital image processing techniques, Image processing has become an integral part of today's era amongst rapidly growing technologies. The process of manipulating images by using various algorithms exploring techniques to pre-process an image, improving its pictorial information for human interpretation. This research paper explores different types of image noise that can be present in a digital image and degradation by photo electronic noise, impulse (salt & pepper) noise and gaussian noise, thus reviews on linear approaches to denoise the image using 2D convolution filters and median non-linear filters.

Understanding the concept of service driven routing protocol

Abstract: Non licensed ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical) bands are used for Bluetooth's wireless communication networks. Piconets are composed of approximately two Peripherals that use the same distribution channels. Bluetooth units can only exchange messages in one piconet at a temporal, thus their collaboration in many piconets must be on a time-division numerous bases in view of this. The article's goal is to understand how scatternets may be formed, routed, and protected in order to facilitate communication in these networks. Furthermore, we propose a connection layer security program that secures communication between nearby piconet masters in what we termed an Extended Scatternet Neighborhood (ESN). The topic of scatternet communication is the focus of this paper.

Applicable Cyber Security Recommendations to Prevent Cyber Attacks in Universities

Abstract: when it comes to IT, cyber security is of the utmost importance. Information security has evolved into a major challenge in the modern world. The term “cyber-crimes” immediately brings to mind the worrisome growth of a potential security risk in the cyber realm. Many organizations across the world, including governments, corporations, and educational institutions, are actively working to tackle cybercrime. Despite these measures, many continue to worry about their personal data being compromised in cyberspace. This article will discuss why it's so important for universities to train their students in cybersecurity, what challenges they face, and what solutions may be implemented to keep student data safe.

Estimnation of situations for bluetooth scatternets, models and bifurcations

Abstract: : Typically, a wireless ad hoc network is an independent cluster of communicating peers that use unpredictable wireless back connections and do not rely on a centralized government or technology. More technically, an individual Area Network (PAN) is an informal network that links devices in close proximity, typically around a person or a specific item. It's known as a Wireless Personal Area Network at this point in time when IR or RF broadcasts are utilized to connect PAN members (WPAN). IEEE 802.15 WG has also established a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) signalization on the Bluetooth 1.1 definition (model 1.1). A WPAN's primary goal is to create a peer-to-peer network of wireless devices that surround an individual. Using Bluetooth R when the underlying WPAN technology has swarming capabilities and reduced power performance makes it ideal.This paper explains the history of Bluetooth R, as well as its particular details and nomenclature .

Implementation of an Automated Result Management System in a Developing Country

Abstract: Errors and omissions in the manual process of compiling student results in secondary schools in Pacific Countries were examined in this research. To do that, preliminary research on the existing manual record-keeping system in Fiji was examined in a few chosen secondary schools. A new software application was designed to automate the processing of such results. This solved the issues with manual result processing. C# programming language as well as SQL-Server were used to create a software package. The system's anticipated outcomes demonstrate that educators are not required to record student tests, examinations, and calculation results because the system takes care of almost everything, relieving teachers of the stress of having to prepare students' results. Similarly, it is less expensive to print individual student results on A4-sized paper or imprinted cardboard material that resembles a certificate and has a more attractive appearance than it would be to create result booklets. By reducing the time and energy needed for result preparation, this program will reduce the stress associated with the teacher's work and free up a lot of time for teaching as well as other instructional concerns. The record-keeping and evaluation process capabilities of such a new system can be adjusted to fit the needs of both higher secondary schools whether private or public.

Case Report: A case of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19; A case report

Abstract: As of 2022, myocardial injury associated with COVID-19 has been one of the most discussed topics in literature. Though variety of cardiac manifestations have been reported and described in scientific literature, case of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been well reported and described. We present a case of DCM post-COVID-19 without any co-morbidities who was admitted several times for cardiac symptoms post-COVID-19. As it was a new finding associated with COVID-19, it has been worth understanding the variations in which cardiac conditions manifest in COVID-19.

Next generation smart routing optimization of network storage devices using hybrid data management model

Abstract: Currently, solid state drives are used in small devices: laptops, net books, communicators and smart phones, but can be used in standard computers to improve performance. Some well-known manufacturers have already switched to the production of solid state drives, for example, Samsung sold the manufacturing business of hard drives to Seagate. Due to the current proportionally high cost of solid state drives, so-called hybrid hard drives have emerged, among others. Such devices combine a hard disk (HDD) and solid state drive relatively small size, as a temporary storage (to increase the performance and service life of the device, to reduce power consumption). These drives are built around the use of volatile memory (like that used in a personal computer's RAM), characterized by high -speed reading, writing, and searching for information. Their main disadvantage is the high cost. They are mainly used to speed up the work of large database management systems and powerful graphic workstations. Such drives are usually equipped with batteries to save data in the event of power loss, and more expensive models are equipped with backup and / or online backup systems. An example of such drivers is I-RAM. Users with enough RAM can organize a virtual machine and put it on the HDD RAM and evaluate the performance.

Case Report: A case of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19; A case report [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Abstract: As of 2022, myocardial injury associated with COVID-19 has been one of the most discussed topics in literature. Though variety of cardiac manifestations have been reported and described in scientific literature, case of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been well reported and described. We present a case of DCM post-COVID-19 without any co-morbidities who was admitted several times for cardiac symptoms post-COVID-19. As it was a new finding associated with COVID-19, it has been worth understanding the variations in which cardiac conditions manifest in COVID-19.

Electronic and Remote Voting Systems: Solutions to Existing Problems - An Experimental Approach to Secure Voting Platforms on Endpoints

Abstract: The need for secure delivery solutions on endpoints has become essential as true and neutral outcomes can be provided by the systems themselves. This has arisen due to several discrepancies found in the manual voting systems and various vulnerability assessments done on the existing electronic and remote voting systems. Though these systems provide the convenience of voting using any endpoint desired, there are still loopholes that are not looked into that can harm the endpoint as well as the end user as well. The paper will be looking into the reasons why a secure endpoint delivery platform for electronic and remote voting systems is needed we experiment using a random online voting system and then test in to two phases which are the effectiveness of the antivirus software to invoke a protected browser and the second phase of the test the same online voting system on the same localhost environment by the use of the alternative of the On Vue Software such as the safe exam browser.

Predicting Residential Property Valuation in Major Towns and Cities on Mainland Fiji

Abstract: The real estate sector plays a pivotal role towards the economy of every nation. Transaction of properties heavily rely on the valuation price as determined by the appraisers who use many variations of techniques to determine the valuation of respective properties. This value is used by investors, sellers, intermediary agencies such as real estate agencies and financial institutions as well as government entities. However, the value determined by the appraisers is just an approximation, excluding the accuracy and error rate with respect to the actual price. This study aims to integrate the capabilities of machine learning models and algorithms towards determining valuation price. Four algorithms were selected, namely, Multiple Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Network, for supervised learning against training and testing of a dataset acquired from real estate agencies based on residential properties in major towns and cities on mainland Fiji. Results show that Random Forest and Artificial Neural network produce high levels of accuracy based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RSME) values. The study has significantly contributed towards developing insights to developing accurate models which could enable users access to valuation of properties based on the input of property features through machine learning predictions.

Making a meta-surface soliton-ready

Abstract: Abstract Metamaterials attracted significant attention due to their unprecedented properties in the electromagnetic domain. However, they are facing challenges while putting for applications due to the strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and high losses. In this communication, we present a path to overcome these problems by turning the propagating electromagnetic wave into a soliton wave that can sustain dispersion and loss. For theoretical demonstration, we considered a hybrid 2D metamaterial that consists of arrays of split-ring resonators on a graphene layer. We identified the parametric region that ensures dispersion and loss less propagation of electromagnetic wave in form of a dissipative soliton. This approach can be applied to a large variety of metamaterials and metasurfaces for which a set of coupled rate equation is available.

Radio over FSO System for 5G Wireless Communication

Abstract: Radio over Free Space Optical (RoFSO) communication is a wireless communication system that uses a highly directed beam of light to transport radio frequency (RF) signals from one point to another. The never-ending demand for faster data rates has prompted researchers to concentrate their efforts on developing new types of networks (5G) that can serve a growing number of users. Integration of millimeter (mm) wave with RoFSO is proposed to handle such traffic. Extremely high-speed communication, large-scale communication, and ultra-reliable service with minimal latency are expected to be among the many advantages of the 5G RoFSO communication system. Attenuation caused by atmospheric conditions is a dominant element, which leads to a fall in the system performance. The performance of the RoFSO communication model system varies depending on the weather conditions of a certain location or area. The major goal of this simulation is to investigate the effects of different weather conditions on RoFSO and, as a result, to assess the RoFSO system’s performance under various weather circumstances. The Q Factor of the RoFSO communication model is found to be quite low during heavy rain. However, for a given weather state, increasing the power of the laser source and the receiver aperture diameter helps in enhancing the performance RoFSO.

Gait Analysis-Based Identification of Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract: The current study introduces an improved framework for assessing neurodegenerative diseases by evaluating gait data using machine learning techniques and designing a wireless Velostat-based insole along with a gait phase detection algorithm. The machine learning model was trained using vertical ground reaction force datasets available on PhysioNet. The first dataset includes the data of 73 healthy individuals and 93 individuals with Parkinson's disease. Another dataset used in the present study consisted of 16 healthy subjects and 15, 20, and 13 subjects with Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respectively. Upon testing, the classification accuracy achieved was 99.08% and 99.95% on both datasets, using the KNN classifier. Finally, this trained model was used to identify neurodegenerative diseases, where the data was gathered from a Velostat insole system created in-house. The current method has been shown to demarcate gait events reliably. Authors also intend to employ it in clinical research by obtaining vertical ground response force data from patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In conjunction with the gait recognition algorithm, the developed insole system reliably marks the following gait events: (i) vertical ground response force; and (ii) Spatio-temporal gait characteristics.

Predictive Maintenance for Commercial Vehicles Tyres Using Machine Learning

Abstract: Tyre Maintenance is one of the most common issues on the road which causes fleet owners to lag in on-time delivery. The tyre is the main component of the vehicle. It is always required to be fit to ensure the vehicle’s safety on the road. Heavy vehicles like industry trucks, containers, dumpers, etc. are more prone to tyre wear due to conditions like overloading, continuous traveling, and bad road conditions, driver behavior compared to a personal vehicle. This paper presented a machine learning (ML) based regression model to solve the fleet company’s real-life problem to predict the remaining useful life of commercial vehicle tyre based on vehicle and tyre past and current condition, and performance. For prediction factors like Current Non-Skid Depth (NSD) of the tyre, Standard NSD, Goods carried by vehicle, Road conditions and Load conditions, and Wear pattern per km are considered. Data for the above A. company is collected from the fleet care company.

Attendance Monitoring and Management Using Facial Recognition

Abstract: When it comes to recognizing a specific person, nothing beats seeing their face. Face recognition technology is useful because it can use a person’s unique facial characteristics as biometrics. Tracking who was present when is often the most challenging part of the job. Teachers traditionally have taken attendance by calling out students and recording their physical presence or absence. These conventional approaches, however, are laborious and time-consuming. In this research, a fully fetched system is being designed, that will take into account student/course creation as well as enrollment. Together with this, attendance will be taken using facial recognition, recorded and sent to the teacher via email. The system uses FisherFace Algorithm with EmguCV Library and WinForms C# for development. In addition, the projection method is based on Fisher’s Linear Discriminant. This method provides well-separated classes in a low-dimensional subspace, despite the fact that the lighting and facial expressions can change substantially. The computing requirements for the Eigenface technique, which is another method, are quite similar to those for the previous methodology. This method involves projecting the picture space in a linear fashion onto a subspace that has fewer dimensions. However, a vast number of studies have demonstrated that the “FisherFace” approach, which was proposed, has error rates that are lower than those of the Eigenface methodology, which was utilized for tests. This was found to be the case when comparing error rates between the two methods.

Understanding design patterns to solve object-oriented design problems

Abstract: : In the course of the most recent decade, research has featured the significance of incorporating nonfunctional investigation exercises in the software improvement measure, to meet nonfunctional prerequisites. Among these, performance is quite possibly the most persuasive elements to be considered since performance issues might be serious to such an extent that they can require impressive changes at any phase of the software lifecycle, specifically at the software engineering level or design stage and, in the most pessimistic scenarios, they can even affect the necessities level. In the software improvement measure it is central to comprehend if performance necessities are satisfied, since they address what end clients anticipate from the software system, and their unfulfillment may deliver basic outcomes.

Development of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of sildenafil citrate and depoxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation

Abstract: Simple, accurate and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods for simultaneous estimation of sildenafil citrate (SIL) and depoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) in combined tablet dosage form have been developed and validated. The RP-HPLC method uses a Shimadzu – 1800, Software Version – UV Prob 2.33 with BDS hypersil C18 column and mixture of Buffer pH 4.0 and ACN in the ratio of 40:60 as the mobile phase. The detection was carried out using a UV–Visible Detector: Shimadzu SPD–20AT diode array detector set at 229 nm. Linearity of chromatographic method was found in the concentration range of 50 - 150 ppm for Sildenafil and 30 - 90 ppm for Dapoxetine respectively. % recovery for SIL was found to be 99.3 – 100.5 %, while for DAP it was found to be in range of 99.1 – 100.4 % in HPLC methods respectively. Both methods may be used for routine analysis of the drugs in a pharmaceutical formulation. Results of analysis were validated statistically. KEYWORDS: Linearity, Validation, HPLC, Sildenafil, Depoxetine.