WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected pollutants.

Lehrbuch der Anthropologie in systematischer Darstellung: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anthropologischen Methoden ; für Studierende, Ärzte und Forschungsreisende ; mit 460 Abbildungen im Text, 3 Tafeln und 2 Beobachtungsblättern

This special journal issue presents nine new studies on the relationship between marriage and health among African Americans. It discusses health disparities between African Americans and other racial and ethnic groups, offers an overview of African American marriage rates, and presents evidence for the marriage-health link in this population.

What Do We Know About the Link Between Marriage and Health

Background: Few studies have investigated factors that influence physical activity behavior during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This study explores the associations of sociodemographic, behavioral, sociocultural, attitudinal and physical factors measured in childhood and adolescence with physical activity behavior during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Methods: Childhood and adolescent data (at ages 7-15 years) were collected as part of the 1985 Australian Health and Fitness Survey and subdivided into sociodemographics (socioeconomic status, parental education), behavioral (smoking, alcohol, sports diversity, outside school sports), sociocultural (active father, active mother, any older siblings, any younger siblings, language spoken at home), attitudinal (sports/recreational competency, self-rated health, enjoyment physical education/physical activity, not enjoying school sports) and physical (BMI, time taken to run 1.6 km, long jump) factors. Physical activity between the ages 15 and 29 years was reported retrospectively using the Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire at follow-up in 2004-2006 by 2,048 participants in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study (CDAH). Australia’s physical activity recommendations for children and adults were used to categorize participants as persistently active, variably active or persistently inactive during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Results: For females, perceived sports competency in childhood and adolescence was significantly associated with being persistently active (RR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.39, 2.55). Smoking (RR = 0.31 CI = 0.12, 0.82) and having younger siblings (RR = 0.69 CI = 0.52, 0.93) were inversely associated with being persistently active after taking physical and attitudinal factors into account. For males, playing sport outside school (RR = 1.47 CI = 1.05, 2.08), having active fathers (RR = 1.25 CI = 1.01, 1.54) and not enjoying school sport (RR = 4.07 CI = 2.31, 7.17) were associated with being persistently active into adulthood. Time taken to complete the 1.6 km run was inversely associated with being persistently active into adulthood (RR = 0.85 CI = 0.78, 0.93) after adjusting for recreational competency. Conclusions: Perceived sports competency (females) and cardiorespiratory fitness, playing sport outside school and having active fathers (males) in childhood and adolescence were positively associated with being persistently active during the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

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Childhood and adolescent predictors of leisure time physical activity during the transition from adolescence to adulthood: a population based cohort study

Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American caucasians: Revision of neoclassical canons

The aim of this study was to determine the craniofacial parameters in the population of the central part of Serbia. The research was conducted on 700 persons (360 males and 340 females), aged 18-65 years, selected randomly. The mea- sured parameters were morphological facial height and breadth. The standard spreading caliper with scale was used for the measurement of facial parameters. There were significant differences in the facial parameters of male compared to female subjects in all observed parameters. The mean value of the morphological facial height in the study population was 116.8 mm ± 7.28, maximum facial breadth 124.12 mm ± 8.44, while the mean value of the total facial index was 93.68 ± 6.86. The total facial index was calculated according to the formula and the obtained results were analyzed statistically using the t-test. The dominant phenotype in the studied population was leptoprosopic. The data obtained in our study may be useful in anthropological research, forensics, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice.

/pdf/anthropometric-study-of-the-facial-index-in-the-population-xtxvszh559.pdf

Anthropometric study of the facial index in the population of central Serbia

Background/Aim. Mental health of university students is under increasing concern worldwide, because they face challenges which predisposes them to depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to identify demographic and socioeconomic variables associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among university students. Methods. This cross-sectional study on 1,940 university students was performed using a questionnaire including demographic and socioeconomic variables, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in students was 23.6%, while the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 33.5%. The depressive symptoms were significantly related to the study year (p = 0.002), type of faculty (p = 0.014), satisfaction with college major choice (p < 0.001), satisfaction with grade point average (p < 0.001). Female students (odds ratio - OR = 1.791, 95% confidence interval - CI = 1.351-2.374), older students (OR = 1.110, 95% CI = 1.051-1.172), students who reported low family economic situation (OR = 2.091, 95% CI = 1.383-3.162), not owning the room (OR = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.103-2.074), dissatisfaction with graduate education (OR = 1.537, 95% CI = 1.165-2.027) were more likely to show depressive symptoms. The anxiety symptoms were significantly related to study year (p = 0.034), type of faculty (p < 0.001), family economic situation (p = 0.011), college residence (p = 0.001) satisfaction with the college major choice (p = 0.001), and satisfaction with graduate education (p < 0.001). Female students (OR = 1.901, 95% CI = 1.490-2.425), and students who reported parents high expectations of academic success (OR = 1.290, 95% CI = 1.022-1.630) were more likely to show anxiety symptoms. Conclusion. This is one of the largest study examining mental disorders in a sample of university students in Serbia. These findings underscore the importance of early detections of mental problems and prevention interventions in university students.

https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0042-8450/2016/0042-84501602169S.pdf

The prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in a group of 1,940 Serbian university students

Introduction: Hospital infections (HIs), which are frequently associated with hospital treatment, increase morbidity, mortality and treatment costs. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of HIs in a neurological intensive care unit (nICU), and to determine the most prevalent causative agents and risk factors for HIs. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with nested case-control design was conducted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 at an 18-bed neurological intensive care unit at the Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia. Results: In total, 537 patients were enrolled in the study, with 6,549 patient-days. There were 89 patients with 101 HIs. The incidence of patients with HIs was 16.57%, and incidence of HIs was 18.81%, while density of HIs was 15.42 per 1,000 patient-days. The most frequent anatomical sites of HIs were urinary tract (73.27%), blood (10.89%), and skin and soft tissues (10.89%). The following risk factors were identified: co-morbidity (OR=3.9; 95% CI=1.9-7.9), surgical intervention in the last 30 days (OR=5.6; 95% CI=1.5-20.4), urinary bladder catheterization longer than seven days (OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.8-8.2), value of Glasgow coma scale £ 9 (OR=3.7; 95% CI=1-6.9), and longer hospital stay (OR=1.1; 95% CI=1.1-1.2). Conclusions: Hospitalization in an nICU bears high risk of HIs, especially of urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, in patients with longer hospital stay or co-morbidities, and in those who have had surgical interventions or prolonged use of a urinary bladder catheter. Special attention should be paid to these patients to prevent HIs.

/pdf/hospital-infections-in-a-neurological-intensive-care-unit-4hltcvhnme.pdf

Hospital infections in a neurological intensive care unit: incidence, causative agents and risk factors.

Introduction. Physical activity and healthy diet, as lifestyle factors, are
 essential components in the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
 Impared glucose intolerance (IGT) is an independent cardiovascular risk
 factor. Dyslipidaemia is a cardiometabolic risk factor for the development of
 type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate
 the influence of moderate physical activity of plasma lipoprotein indicators
 in high-risk subjects for diabetes mellitus during one-year planned
 intervention. Methods. We randomly assigned 60 overweight subjects with IGT
 aged 30-60 years. The subjects were divided into intervention group with 30
 subjects, who were intensively and individually instructed on weight
 reduction, nutrition and increased physical activity, and control group with
 30 subjects, who were counselled, as standard, on nutrition and increased
 exercise. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol
 (HDL-C) and triglycerides (Tg) were measured at the beginning of the study,
 and at 2 months, 6 months, and at the end of the study (12 months). Results.
 Compared to the beginning of the study, after 2 and 6 months there was no
 statistically significant difference in serum lipid values. After 12 months,
 the average values of the measured lipid levels in the intervention group
 decreased by 18.36% for TC, 27.3% for LDL-C, and 34.2% for Tg (compared to
 10.27%, 13.45%, and 10.4%, respectively in the control group). Value of HDL-C
 in the intervention group increased by 19.12%, and decreased in the control
 group by 1.48%. Total/HDL-C ratio was reduced by 30.6% and LDL-C/H by 38.1%
 in the intervention group (compared to 12.36%, and 15.9% in the control
 group). After 12 months, significantly greater decrease in TC (p<0.01), LDL-C
 (p<0.01) and Tg (p<0.0001) and significantly greater increase in HDL-C
 (p<0.05) was detected in the intervention group compared to the control
 group. Conclusion. Plasma lipoproteins can be significantly decreased by
 changes in the lifestyles of high-risk subjects during one-year planned
 intervention.

/pdf/influence-of-moderate-physical-activity-on-the-levels-of-39wsy6j9xf.pdf

Influence of moderate physical activity on the levels of plasma lipoproteins in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Background : Sedentary lifestyle represents a growing health problem and considering that there is already a range of unhealthy habits that are marked as health risk factors and the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyle worldwide, we aimed to investigate association of sedentary way of living in suburb, working class local community with socioec-onomic determinants such as educational level, occupation and income status. Methods : In this community-based cross-sectional study, 1126 independently functioning adults were enrolled into the study. The study protocol included a complete clinical and biochemical investigation revealing age, gender, lipid status, height, weight and blood pressure. Trained interviewers (nurses) collected information from patients about cur-rent state of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension) smoking, medication and other socioeconomic data. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square and logistic regression were performed as statistical calculations. Results : Patients with elementary school were seven times more likely to be classified in category with sedentary life-style compared to patients with college or faculty degree. Being retired and reporting low income were significantly associated with higher odds of sedentary behavior when compared with students and patients with high-income status, respectively. Conclusions : The significance of this study lies in the fact that our results may help to easier identification of patients who may have a tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle.

Nela Djonovic

Papers

Anthropometric study of the facial index in the population of central Serbia

The prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in a group of 1,940 Serbian university students

Hospital infections in a neurological intensive care unit: incidence, causative agents and risk factors.

Influence of moderate physical activity on the levels of plasma lipoproteins in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Association of Socioeconomic Factors and Sedentary Lifestyle in Belgrade's Suburb, Working Class Community