https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.0378b.x

Fundamentals of Weed Science

At the global level, the invasion of alien organisms is considered the second largest threat to biodiversity. The assumption is that the high allelopathic potential is one of the features that helps invasive plant species to spread to new areas. In the study was determined allelopathic potential of eight invasive plant species (donor species) and their impact on test-species. Donor species were Abutilon theophrasti Med. - velvetleaf (Malvaceae), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. - ragweed (Asteraceae), Datura stramonium L. - white jimsonweed (Solanaceae), Xanthium strumarium L. - cocklebur (Asteraceae), Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle - tree of heaven (Simaroubaceae), Amorpha fruticosa L. - indigo bush (Fabaceae), Reynoutria japonica Houtte. - Japanese knotweed (Polygonaceae), Solidago gigantea Aiton - giant goldenrod (Asteraceae). Three cultivated plant species from three different plant families were used as test-species: Avena sativa L. - oats (Poaceae), Brassica napus L. - oilseed rape (Brassicaceae) and Helianthus annuus L. - sunflower (Asteraceae). Water extracts made of whole plants of donor species were applied to the seeds of the test-species. High allelopathic potential was proven for all species included in experiment. Allelopathic effects were exclusively negative. Impact on the germination for all species is much smaller in relation to the impact on the radicle and shoot length of the test-species. Perennial species had a stronger allelopathic potential than annual species. Tree of heaven is species with the strongest allelopathic potential. Its extracts inhibited germination, radicle and shoot length of oilseed rape 19%, 94.88% and 98.91% respectively. Applying allelopathy in agriculture can reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.

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Allelopathic potential of segetal and ruderal invasive alien plants

Defoliation is a standard measure of removing the vine leaves in the zone cluster with the aim of achieving a better ripening of grapes, breathability, providing better protection from diseases such as gray mold, better development of shoots and other vegetative parts, and can be implemented in different terms. Numerous studies indicate that defoliation is a highly useful measure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different terms of defoliation on sugar content, total acidity and real acidity of must and content of total polyphenols and anthocyanins in the epidermis of Blaufränkisch cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). The study was conducted during 2015. on experimental wineyard of Agricultural Faculty Osijek, located in Mandićevac, viticultural region Eastern Continental Croatia, Slavonia subregion, vineyards Đakovo. The experiment was design as a randomized complete block system with three variants in four replications (control treatment – no defoliation, defoliation immediately after pre-bloom – E-L phase 27 and defoliation before the start of veraison – E-L phase 34). There was no significant differences for parameters of the sugar content in the must, total acidity and real acidity of must. Also content of total polyphenols shows no statistically significant differences between the control (417 mg/kg) and treatment with defoliation after the end of flowering (426 mg/kg), but significanty higher content of total polyphenols, compared to the two previous treatment ,was measured at treatment with defoliation before the start of veraison (470 mg/kg). The total content of anthocyanins was significantly different. Early defoliation after completion of flowering shows reduce of content of anthocyanins (461 mg/kg), and defoliation before the veraison leads to the opposite effect and a significant increase of total anthocyanins (569 mg/kg), while in the control treatment was 530 mg/kg. Thesis performed at: Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek Mentor: doc.dr.sc. Mato Drenjanĉević Number of pages: 35 Number of figures and pictures: 14 Number of tables: Number of references: 38 Number of appendices: Original in: Croatian

Sveučilište josipa jurja strossmayera poljoprivredni fakultet u osijeku

The Green City is a city that is “in balance with nature,” where all forms of nature—from living organisms to their habitats—are highly significant components of the urban form and part of green infrastructure. In a Green City, all forms of nature are respected, maintained, and extended for the benefit of city residents. Urban nature is seen as an ideal provider of services, and a key concept for city development. Almost all types of urban spaces are host to urban nature—either random (“wild”) or introduced by human decisions (e.g., trees, plantations). These areas are either actively used (e.g., meadows, grazeland, parks, gardens, urban forests, etc.) or are abandoned from their previous use (e.g., brownfields or certain wetlands and forests). Urban green infrastructure can be understood as a network of all urban natural elements—either close to nature or designed green space can be a planning relevant category. The concept of urban green infrastructure is thus exemplary for strategic and integrated planning, protection, development, and management of urban nature. This requires citywide, district-based and object-based spatial concepts.

Making Green Cities – Concepts, Challenges and Practice.

The use of natural products that can serve as natural herbicides and insecticides is a promising direction because of their greater safety for humans and environment. Secondary metabolites of plants that are toxic to plants and insects-allelochemicals-can be used as such products. Woody plants can produce allelochemicals, but they are studied much less than herbaceous species. Meanwhile, there is a problem of interaction of woody species with neighboring plants in the process of introduction or invasion, co-cultivation with agricultural crops (agroforestry) or in plantation forestry (multiclonal or multispecies plantations). This review describes woody plants with the greatest allelopathic potential, allelochemicals derived from them, and the prospects for their use as biopesticides. In addition, the achievement of and the prospects for the use of biotechnology methods in relation to the allelopathy of woody plants are presented and discussed.

…Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees.

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Alelopatski utjecaj korovnih vrsta abutilon theophrasti med. i datura stramonium l. na početni razvoj kukuruza

U cilju smanjenja primjene kemijskih sredstva za zastitu bilja novija istraživanja znanstvenika, sve vise su usmjerena na razlicite alternativne „ nekemijske“ mjere borbe protiv stetocinja. Od njih se traži da budu približno ucinkovite kao kemijske mjere, a da manje stete okolisu. Alelokemijske sposobnosti biljaka uocene su vec u 3 st. prije nove ere ali su se tek u 20 st. pocele intenzivno proucavati. Cilj ovog rada bio je prouciti alelokemijske sposobnosti dviju korovnih pridoslica u Republiku Hrvatsku, mracnjaka - Abutilon theophrasti Med. (ABUTH) i kužnjaka - Datura stramonium L. (DATST). U tu svrhu postavljena su dva pokusa kojima se ispitivao alelopatski utjecaj biljne mase ekstrakta nadzemnog i podzemnog dijela mracnjaka kao i vodenog ekstrakta nadzemnih dijelova kužnjaka na pocetni rast i razvoj kukuruza (Zea mays L.). Ocjena alelopatskog utjecaja utvrđena je mjerenjem ukupnog postotka klijavosti, duljine korijenka i klice kukuruza. Istraživanjima je dokazan izrazit inhibirajuci ucinak korovne vrste Abutilon theophrasti Med. na duljinu korijenka, klice kao i na ukupnu klijavost zrna kukuruza. Korovna vrsta Datura stramonium L. imala je suprotan, odnosno stimulirajuci ucinak na duljinu korijenka kukuruza. Primjenom ekstrakta iz nadzemnih dijelova obje istraživane korovne vrste smanjena je ukupna klijavost zrna kukuruza mjerena tri, sest i 10 dana nakon tretiranja. Provedenim pokusima dokazane su, inhibirajuce i stimulirajuce alelopatske interakcije između dviju istraživanih korovnih vrsta i kukuruza.

Allelopathic effect of two weed species, abutilon theophrasti med. and datura stramonium l. on germination and early growth of corn

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The differences in the invasiveness of some alien plant species between continental and coastal part of Croatia

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Nenad Novak

Papers

Allelopathic potential of segetal and ruderal invasive alien plants

Alelopatski utjecaj korovnih vrsta abutilon theophrasti med. i datura stramonium l. na početni razvoj kukuruza

Allelopathic effect of two weed species, abutilon theophrasti med. and datura stramonium l. on germination and early growth of corn

The differences in the invasiveness of some alien plant species between continental and coastal part of Croatia

Rasprostranjenost invazivne strane vrste pajasena [Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle] po županijama Republike Hrvatske