On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10(-21). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410(-180)(+160)  Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09(-0.04)(+0.03). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36(-4)(+5)M⊙ and 29(-4)(+4)M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62(-4)(+4)M⊙, with 3.0(-0.5)(+0.5)M⊙c(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

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The Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

心臓病診療プラクティス 16. 心不全を癒す

Phloroglucinol compounds of natural origin

We present a comprehensive review of keV-scale sterile neutrino Dark Matter, collecting views and insights from all disciplines involved—cosmology, astrophysics, nuclear, and particle physics—in each case viewed from both theoretical and experimental/observational perspectives. After reviewing the role of active neutrinos in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, we focus on sterile neutrinos in the context of the Dark Matter puzzle. Here, we first review the physics motivation for sterile neutrino Dark Matter, based on challenges and tensions in purely cold Dark Matter scenarios. We then round out the discussion by critically summarizing all known constraints on sterile neutrino Dark Matter arising from astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations. In this context, we provide a balanced discourse on the possibly positive signal from X-ray observations. Another focus of the paper concerns the construction of particle physics models, aiming to explain how sterile neutrinos of keV-scale masses could arise in concrete settings beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The paper ends with an extensive review of current and future astrophysical and laboratory searches, highlighting new ideas and their experimental challenges, as well as future perspectives for the discovery of sterile neutrinos.

/pdf/a-white-paper-on-kev-sterile-neutrino-dark-matter-1zdzsq0i37.pdf

A White Paper on keV sterile neutrino Dark Matter

Multicomponent reactions are flexible reactions for the rapid generation of complex molecules with often biologically relevant scaffold structures. Combined with the ease of parallelization and the exploratory power with regard to chemical space, multicomponent reactions have attracted significant attention from the medicinal chemistry community. In this Review, we present an overview of recent literature concerning this topic to provide insight into the applications of multicomponent reactions in this field.

Recent applications of multicomponent reactions in medicinal chemistry

Bisquinolinone alkaloids from Melicope ptelefolia

Constituents from Miliusa balansae (Annonaceae)

Benzopyrans from Melicope ptelefolia leaves

A Higgs sextet is introduced in order to generate Dirac and Majorana neutrino masses in the 331 model with right-handed neutrinos. As will be seen the present sextet introduction leads to a rich neutrino mass structure. The smallness of neutrino masses can be achieved via, for example, a seesaw limit. The fact that the masses of the charged leptons are not effected by their new Yukawa couplings to the sextet is convenient for generating small neutrino masses.

Nguyen Thi Hong Van

Papers

Bisquinolinone alkaloids from Melicope ptelefolia

Constituents from Miliusa balansae (Annonaceae)

Benzopyrans from Melicope ptelefolia leaves

Scalar sextet in the 331 model with right-handed neutrinos

Benzopyran dimers from melicope ptelefolia