Excitation−emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and soil. However, interpreting the >10,000 wavelength-dependent fluorescence intensity data points represented in EEMs has posed a significant challenge. Fluorescence regional integration, a quantitative technique that integrates the volume beneath an EEM, was developed to analyze EEMs. EEMs were delineated into five excitation−emission regions based on fluorescence of model compounds, DOM fractions, and marine waters or freshwaters. Volumetric integration under the EEM within each region, normalized to the projected excitation−emission area within that region and dissolved organic carbon concentration, resulted in a normalized region-specific EEM volume (Φi,n). Solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, ultraviolet−visible absorption spectra, and EEMs were obtained for standard Suwannee River fulvic acid and 15 h...

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter.

Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review.

Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Rapid turnover of organic matter leads to a low efficiency of organic fertilizers applied to increase and sequester C in soils of the humid tropics. Charcoal was reported to be responsible for high soil organic matter contents and soil fertility of anthropogenic soils (Terra Preta) found in central Amazonia. Therefore, we reviewed the available information about the physical and chemical properties of charcoal as affected by different combustion procedures, and the effects of its application in agricultural fields on nutrient retention and crop production. Higher nutrient retention and nutrient availability were found after charcoal additions to soil, related to higher exchange capacity, surface area and direct nutrient additions. Higher charring temperatures generally improved exchange properties and surface area of the charcoal. Additionally, charcoal is relatively recalcitrant and can therefore be used as a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. Several aspects of a charcoal management system remain unclear, such as the role of microorganisms in oxidizing charcoal surfaces and releasing nutrients and the possibilities to improve charcoal properties during production under field conditions. Several research needs were identified, such as field testing of charcoal production in tropical agroecosystems, the investigation of surface properties of the carbonized materials in the soil environment, and the evaluation of the agronomic and economic effectiveness of soil management with charcoal.

http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/lehmann/publ/BiolFertSoils%2035,%20219-230,%202002%20Glaser.pdf

Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal – a review

Composted materials as organic fertilizers

Binding mechanisms of pesticides to soil humic substances.

Humic acids in the first generation of EUROSOILS

Spectroscopic and compositional comparative characterization of I.H.S.S. reference and standard fulvic and humic acids of various origin

Series Preface. Preface. About the Editors. List of Contributors. 1 Evolution of Concepts of Environmental Natural Nonliving Organic Matter ( M. H. B. Hayes ). 2 Formation Mechanisms of Humic Substances in the Environment ( P. M. Huang and A. G. Hardie ). 3 Organo-Clay Complexes in Soils and Sediments ( G. Chilom and J. A. Rice ). 4 The Effect of Organic Matter Amendment on Native Soil Humic Substances ( C. Plaza and N. Senesi ). 5 Carbon Sequestration in Soil ( M. De Nobili, M. Contin, and Y. Chen ). 6 Storage and Turnover of Organic Matter in Soil ( M. S. Torn, C. W. Swanston, C. Castanha, and S. E. Trumbore ). 7 Black Carbon and Thermally Altered (Pyrogenic) Organic Matter: Chemical Characteristics and the Role in the Environment ( H. Knicker ). 8 Biological Activities of Humic Substances ( S. Nardi, P. Carletti, D. Pizzeghello, and A.Muscolo ). 9 Role of Humic Substances in the Rhizosphere ( R. Pinton., S. Cesco, and Z. Varanini ). 10 Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in Natural Environments ( F. H. Frimmel, and G. Abbt-Braun ). 12 Natural Organic Matter in Atmospheric Particles ( A. da Costa Duarte and R. M. B. Oliveira Duarte ). 13 Separation Technology as a Powerful Tool for Unfolding Molecular Complexity of Natural Organic Matter and Humic Substances ( I. V. Perminova, A. I. Konstantinov, E. V. Kunenkov, A. Gaspar, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, N. Hertkorn, N. A. Kulikova and K. Hatfield ) 14 Analytical Pyrolysis and Soft-Ionization Mass Spectrometry ( P. Leinweber, G. Jandl, K-U Eckhardt, H-Rolf Schulten, A. Schlichting, and D. Hofmann ). 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Natural Organic Matter ( A. J. Simpson and M. J. Simpson ). 16 EPR, FTIR, Raman, UV-visible Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopies in Studies of NOM ( L. Martin-Neto, D. M. B. P. Milori, W. T. L. Da Silva and M.L. Simoes ). 17 Synchrotron-Based Near-Edge X-Ray Spectroscopy of NOM in Soils and Sediments ( J. Lehmann, D. Solomon, J. Brandes, H. Fleckenstein, C. Jacobson, and J. Thieme ). 18 Thermal Analysis for Advanced Characterization of Natural Nonliving Organic Materials ( E. J. Leboeuf and L. Zhang ). Index

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Nicola Senesi

Papers

Composted materials as organic fertilizers

Binding mechanisms of pesticides to soil humic substances.

Humic acids in the first generation of EUROSOILS

Spectroscopic and compositional comparative characterization of I.H.S.S. reference and standard fulvic and humic acids of various origin

Biophysico-chemical processes involving natural nonliving organic matter in environmental systems