Results. The incidence rate of significant non-cardiac occlusive stenotic lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), who had to undergo CABG, was 15,84 %. Simultaneous revascularization of coronary and non-coronary arteries was performed in 2,46 % of patients with CAD and PolyVD and multi-stage surgical proced ures were chosen in other cases. Conclusions. The outcomes of CAD surgical treatment were improved in this group of patients due to the implementation of a mul-

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук, Кемерово, Россия

Nutritional Factors Influencing the Nitrogen Composition of Bovine Milk: A Review

I. Introduction ABOUT 5 yr ago it was discovered that a protein which was secreted in quantity by preimplantation sheep conceptuses and implicated in preventing luteolysis during the second and third weeks of pregnancy was, in fact, structurally related to type I interferons (IFN), proteins best known for their antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. This discovery attracted considerable attention because it revealed a new and completely unsuspected role for a cytokine as a reproductive hormone. Several reviews have been published on various aspects of this topic (1–10). In the more comprehensive updated article that follows, we describe how IFN came to be implicated as antiluteolytic agents in domestic ruminant species, the properties of these IFN, and some of the unusual features pertaining to their expression and transcriptional regulation. We address the questions as to whether these IFN have any unique biological and structural properties, as to how they evolved, and as to whether type I IFN in ge...

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Interferons as hormones of pregnancy.

Production of pharmaceutical proteins from transgenic animals

The LH surge causes major remodeling of the ovarian follicle in preparation for the ovulatory process. These changes include reprogramming of granulosa cells to differentiate into luteal cells, changes in cumulus cell secretory properties, and oocyte maturation. This review summarizes published data in support of the concept that LH stimulation of ovarian follicles involves activation of a local epidermal growth factor (EGF) network. A model describing this property of LH signaling and its branching to other signaling modules is discussed. According to this model, LH activation of mural granulosa cells stimulates cAMP signaling, which, in turn, induces the expression of the EGF-like growth factors epiregulin, amphiregulin, and betacellulin. These growth factors function by activating EGF receptors in either an autocrine/juxtacrine fashion within the mural layer, or they diffuse to act on cumulus cells. Activation of EGF receptor signaling in cumulus cells, together with cAMP priming, triggers oocyte nuclear maturation and acquisition of developmental competence as well as cumulus expansion. This model has important implications for ovarian physiology and for the development of new strategies for the pharmacological control of ovulation and for gamete maturation in vitro.

Role of the epidermal growth factor network in ovarian follicles.

Plasmin Activity in Milk

Rabbit whey acidic protein concentration in milk, serum, mammary gland extract, and culture medium.

It has been previously reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) influences meiotic maturation and development competence of oocytes in various mammalian species. The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression of the gene encoding the EGF-receptor (EGF-R) in the goat cumulus-oocyte complex during meiotic competence acquisition. Expression of EGF-R mRNA was evaluated by PCR on reverse transcribed mRNA from follicular cells and oocytes, using EGF-R specific primers designed from human cDNA. The presence of the EGF-R transcript was evidenced in follicular cells as well as in meiotically competent and incompetent oocytes. Western blot analysis performed with specific anti EGF-R antibody revealed in meiotically competent and incompetent oocytes and in follicular cells a 170 kD polypeptide corresponding to the goat EGF-R protein. In oocytes the amount of EGF-R increased with meiotic competence acquisition. EGF-R distribution was examined by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). EGF-R immunoreactivity was observed in cumulus cells and in oocytes. Staining appeared to be confined to the periphery of the cells for both oocytes and cumulus cells. In this study, we identified the main component required for signaling via EGF-R in the goat oocyte and in follicular cells. These results suggest a possible involvement of EGF in the regulation of follicular growth and oocyte maturation in goat.

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the goat cumulus-oocyte complex.

Interference of trophoblastin in ruminant embryonic mortality. A review

Summary Transgenic mice expressing foreign genes specifically in their mammary glands have been obtained by several groups in the world. The mouse is generally considered as a good reference animal to evaluate the efficiency of gene constructs to be used in larger mammals for the preparation of the corresponding recombinant proteins at an industrial scale. The method described here shows that mammary glands from lactating mice separated from their pups for one day spontaneously released 1.5 ml milk when stored at O'C. The proteins of milk obtained by this method were essentially similar to those obtained after milking. Human growth hormone (hGH) gene under the control of the rabbit whey acidic (WAP) gene promoter was expressed at a high level in the milk of transgenic mice (4 mg/ml milk in the mice examined here). hGH was present in milk obtained after milking or after the incubation of the mammary glands at O'C. In both cases, the hormone was present in essentially similar concentration, undegraded and b...

Nicole Chene

Papers

Plasmin Activity in Milk

Rabbit whey acidic protein concentration in milk, serum, mammary gland extract, and culture medium.

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in the goat cumulus-oocyte complex.

Interference of trophoblastin in ruminant embryonic mortality. A review

Quantitative collection of milk and active recombinant proteins from the mammary glands of transgenic mice