Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

The scaling characteristics of large diameter (6≤d≤12 cm) high repetition‐rate copper‐vapor lasers are investigated using a radially dependent laser‐discharge model. Results of the model are verified with experimental data obtained on several devices including an 8‐cm‐diam 100‐W copper‐vapor laser. Two effects, penetration of the applied electric field into the plasma and gas heating, which we show are the primary considerations in volumetric scaling, are discussed in detail. Thermal constriction of the discharge resulting from gas heating is prevented by plasma skin effects that allow stable performance at large diameters. These same effects are shown to explain the sequential excitation of the laser levels, resulting in both temporally and spatially dependent behavior of the laser pulse. Projections of output power and light‐pulse characteristics are made for lasers up to 12 cm in diameter.

Large-bore copper-vapor lasers : Kinetics and scaling issues

This monograph is devoted to the description and interpretation of interference between quantum states of an atom, as manifested in the angular distribution and polarization of spontaneous emission and absorption The basic phenomena are first introduced and explained in terms of the simple classical dipole model A more quantitative description follows, making use of the density matrix formalism and the statistical tensor The theoretical sections are complemented by detailed accounts of experimental methods and results, such that the monograph as a whole gives a comprehensive picture of this field

Interference of atomic states

BACKGROUND: The present study has concentrated on investigating the fluoride removal potential of nano-scale aluminum oxide hydroxide (nano-AlOOH). A series of batch adsorption experiments were carried out to assess parameters that influence the adsorption process. The different parameters investigated include the effect of contact time, initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dose, pH of the solution and co-existing anions.



RESULTS: Most of the adsorption took place during the first 30 min and kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data show that the process obeys a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir adsorption model. The fluoride removal efficiency is greater than 90% between pH 6 and 8 and decreases as pH values increase to 11. The presence of SO42− or PO43− in aqueous solution was found to reduce the fluoride uptake. Desorption studies showed that the fluoride can easily be desorbed at pH 13.



CONCLUSION: Nano-AlOOH possesses a maximum fluoride capacity of 3259 mg F− kg−1, which is comparable with that of activated alumina. Maximum adsorption occurred at around pH 7, which makes nano-AlOOH a potential adsorbent for drinking water treatment. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Defluoridation performance and mechanism of nano‐scale aluminum oxide hydroxide in aqueous solution

A systematic investigation of the electric parameters of the CuBr laser plasma during the excitation pulse in their correlation to the laser output characteristics is presented. Based on the electric parameters, the temporal course is calculated of the electron density during the discharge. The authors offer a simple mechanism which generally explains how the hydrogen occurred in the copper vapor laser. The mechanism consists of shielding copper ionization by the process of electron detachment from negative hydrogen ions. >

Parametric study of the CuBr laser with hydrogen additives

Addition of small amounts of hydrogen to the neon buffer gas in a CuBr laser causes doubling of the average output power and laser efficiency. An efficiency of 1% is easily obtained. Electrical parameters of the pulsed discharge as functions of the hydrogen additive pressure are reported.

Effect of hydrogen on CuBr laser power and efficiency

A Ne-H/sub 2/-CuBr laser (/spl lambda/510.6, 578.2 nm) is reported, which produced an average output power of 120 W at 2.5% efficiency (based on stored energy) and 100 W at 3% efficiency. These output power and efficiency figures are record values for copper bromide lasers. The sealed-off device produced maximum output power at a pulse recurrency frequency (PRF) of 17.5 kHz. Laser operating characteristics and electrical parameters are described.

Copper bromide laser of 120-W average output power

A comparative study has been carried out of the output characteristics, electric parameters, and main kinetic plasma processes concerning CuBr laser performance during the excitation pulse. Four electric circuits were used for CuBr vapor laser excitation: WPC (without peaking capacitor); OC (ordinary circuit, i.e., with a peaking capacitor); IPC (interacting peaking circuits), and IC (interacting circuits). The calculated and experimental values are in very good agreement. The improvement of the CuBr laser performance from WPC- to IC-excitation (the laser power and efficiency increase three times) is mainly attributed to the increased physical laser efficiency, which concerns the electrooptic energy conversion with regard to plasma kinetic processes. >

Nikola V. Sabotinov

Papers

Parametric study of the CuBr laser with hydrogen additives

Effect of hydrogen on CuBr laser power and efficiency

Effect of hydrogen on CuBr laser power and efficiency

Copper bromide laser of 120-W average output power

Influence of the excitation circuits on the CuBr laser performance