Showing papers by "Nima Naderi published in 2022"

Role of amyloid beta (25-35) neurotoxicity in the ferroptosis and necroptosis as modalities of regulated cell death in Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: Neuronal cell death as a prominent pathological feature contributes to cognitive decline and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of two forms of cell death pathways, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and their interactions following entorhinal cortex (EC) amyloidopathy. The Aβ25-35 was bilaterally injected into the rat's EC, and Morris Water Maze was applied to determine spatial performance one week after Aβ injection. For evaluation of ferroptosis and necroptosis involvement in Aβ induced pathology, ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin (Fer-1), and necroptosis inhibitor, Necrostatin (Nec-1), were injected into the EC during training days of behavioral test. Our behavioral and histological assessment showed spatial learning and memory impairment, along with neuropathology changes such as cell survival and intracellular Aβ deposits in response to EC amyloidopathy, which were ameliorated by treatment with Fer-1 or Nec-1. The expression of ferroptosis key factors GPX4 and SLC7A11 were decreased and the level of TfR was increased following Aβ toxicity. Also, Necroptosis pathway related factors RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL were modulated by Aβ neurotoxicity. However, application of Fer-1 or Nec-1 could inhibit the hippocampal ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways due to EC amyloidopathy. Our data also demonstrated that Aβ-induced necroptosis suppressed by Fer-1, although Nec-1 had no effect on ferroptosis, indicating that ferroptosis pathway is upstream of necroptosis process in the Aβ neurotoxicity. Moreover, Aβ induced hippocampal mGLUR5 overexpression and reduced level of STIM1/2 recovered by Fer-1 or Nec-1. According to our findings ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways are involved in Aβ neurotoxicity through modulation of mGLUR5 and STIM1/2 signaling.

Temperature-dependent photonic properties of porous-shaped metal-organic frameworks on porous silicon substrates

Abstract: A novel technique is introduced in this research to increase the surface roughness of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) to enhance the light absorption effect. To this end, porous silicon (PS) was selected as a template and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF), a subset of MOFs, were deposited on the porous skeleton using the solvothermal method. It was found that the synthesized ZIF layers followed the physical pattern of porous silicon and developed a porous-shaped MOF thin film. The X-ray diffraction analysis proved the formation of polycrystalline ZIF-67 structures on the PS substrate with a dominant crystal orientation of (011). The SEM results showed the homogeneous formation of ZIF-67 on the top of the PS walls. The porous substrate provided sufficient nuclei for facilitating the formation of a compact and continuous ZIF top layer. Moreover, the morphology and crystalline properties of the PS substrate remained intact after the deposition of ZIF structures. The porous-shaped ZIF-67/PS sample exhibited an intense and sharp photoluminescence peak, reflecting its capability to capture the incident photon and generate electron-hole pairs. Thus, it can be regarded as a suitable candidate for light detection applications. The optoelectrical properties of the synthesized samples were further explored by the metallization of the ZIF/PS structures to fabricate metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors whose current–voltage curves were measured upon exposure to different wavelengths. The photocurrent was found to be temperature-dependent with outstanding photosensitivity to ultraviolet radiation at lower temperatures. Therefore, porous-shaped ZIF-67 nanostructures on PS substrates can be a promising candidate for ultra-fast and highly sensitive UV detectors at low temperatures.

Feeding Byproduct-Based Concentrates Instead of Human-Edible Feed Ingredients Increases Net Food Production and Improves Performance of High-Producing Holstein Cows

Abstract: Simple Summary The effect of replacing human-edible feed ingredients with byproducts on the performance and net food production of high-producing Holstein dairy cows was investigated. Feeding byproduct-based concentrate instead of human-edible feed ingredients increased net food production and improved the performance of high-producing Holstein cows. Abstract The effect of feeding greater amounts of byproducts (BP) as a replacement for human-edible (HE) feed ingredients on nutrient intake, chewing activity, rumen fermentation, production performance, human-edible feed conversion efficiency (HeFCE) and net food production (NFP) of high-producing Holstein cows was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (BW = 673 ± 44, DIM = 112 ± 8 d; 48 ± 2.25 kg/d of milk; mean ± SE) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Each period consisted of 21 d of adaptation followed by 7 d of data collection. Treatments diets were (DM basis): (1) concentrate containing 26% byproducts (BP26; control); (2) concentrate containing 60% byproducts (BP60); and (3) concentrate containing 95% byproducts (BP95). Alfalfa hay (20% dietary DM) and corn silage (20% dietary DM) were included in all diets. Dietary concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), starch and ether extract (EE) were 32.1, 41.0, 26.14 and 3.4% (BP 26); 35.3, 36.0, 22.05 and 4.7% (BP60); and 38.2, 32.0, 17.96 and 6.1% (BP95), respectively (DM basis). Dry matter (22.07 kg/d) and NEL (35.16 Mcal/d) intakes did not differ among treatments. However, ether extract and NDF intakes increased, whereas starch intake decreased linearly as BP ingredients increasingly replaced HE feed ingredients. Eating time was not affected by dietary treatment, but ruminating and total chewing time tended to increase with increasing amounts of BP. Replacing HE with BP ingredients did not affect rumen pH. An increased proportion of BP ingredients in the diet linearly decreased propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate concentrations in the rumen and increased acetate concentration and the acetate to propionate ratio. Replacing HE with BP ingredients did not affect milk yield. The yield of 3.5% FCM (39.12, 40.14 and 41.33 kg/d for BP26, BP60 and BP95, respectively) and fat content (2.95, 2.99 and 3.13 % for BP26, BP60 and BP95, respectively) linearly increased. Substituting BP ingredients for HE feed ingredients increased unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid, oleic acid and preformed fatty acids but decreased saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid, de novo and mixed fatty acids. Replacing HE with BP feed ingredients increased human-edible efficiency (HeFCE) for crude protein (1.06, 1.66 and 4.14 kg/kg edible for BP26, BP60 and BP95, respectively) and for energy (2.27, 3.62 and 9.22 MJ/MJ edible for BP26, BP60 and BP95, respectively) and also net food production (NFP) for crude protein (0.064, 0.52, and 1.00 kg/d for BP26, BP60, and BP95, respectively) and energy (62.8, 83.0 and 104.7 MJ/d for BP26, BP60 and BP95, respectively). Feeding byproduct-based concentrates instead of human-edible feed ingredients increase human-edible feed conversion efficiency (HeFCE), net food production (NFP) and improved the performance of high-producing Holstein cows.

Comparison of fixed versus adjustable-loop device for femoral graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract: Background: Fixed-loop and adjustable-loop are two types of cortical suspension devices that are used for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In this study, the authors compared clinical and functional outcomes of these devices in ACLR surgery. Methods: In a retrospective study, 60 patients who underwent ACLR using either fixed-loop (30 patients) or adjustable-loop were included. Clinical measures were Lachman test, pivot shift test, KT-1000, lack of extension, and flexion. Functional measures were 12-item Short-Form Health Survey, including the Physical Component Summary and the Mental Component Summary, International Knee Documentation Committee score, and Lysholm-Tegner activity scale. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31±7.5 yr. The mean follow-up of the patients was 18.5±6.4 mo. The grading of the Lachman test, pivot shift test, and KT-1000 were not significantly different between the study groups (P=0.47, P=1, and P=0.6, respectively). Lack of extension and flexion were not significantly different between the study groups (P=0.79 and P=0.28, respectively). The Physical Component Summary, Mental Component Summary, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Lysholm-Tegner activity scale were statistically comparable between the two study groups (P=0.46, P=0.68, P=0.55, P=0.77, respectively). Graft failure (KT>5 mm) was seen in seven patients (23.3%) of the fixed-loop group and four patients (13.3%) of the adjustable-loop group (P=0.31). Conclusions: Clinical and functional outcomes of fixed and adjustable-loop devices are comparable when used for femoral fixation in patients undergoing ACLR. Level of Evidence: Level IV.

Ultrasensitive Flexible Ultraviolet Detectors Based on Electrochemically Deposited ZnO Microspheres Synthesized by the Assembly of Nanoplatelets

Abstract: Zinc oxide microspheres synthesized by the assembly of nanoplatelets have been deposited on seeded polycarbonate substrates using the electrochemical deposition technique with the assistance of glycerol. An electrochemical cell with platinum mesh as anode and the seeded substrates as cathode was employed to deposit ZnO microspheres. A computer-controlled potentiostat was used to supply sufficient current for the growth of ZnO nanoplatelets. Zinc chloride was used as a Zn source, and glycerol was applied to assist in the formation of microspheres. The average diameter of formed microspheres was 4 µ m, and the average size of nanoplatelets that formed the microspheres was a few nanometers. The morphology of the nanostructures indicated the formation of ZnO nanoplatelets with various orientations, which can significantly increase the entrapment of incident photons. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a dominant peak related to (002) as a reflection corresponding to the hexagonal ZnO structure. The enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity revealed improvement in the light-capturing ability due to the multiple scattering of light in the nanostructures. The quantum confinement phenomenon in the ZnO crystallites was evident from the blue shift of the PL peak position. A flexible photodetector was fabricated using the metallization of ZnO nanostructures to investigate the capability of ZnO microspheres in light sensing. The optoelectrical properties of fabricated devices were tested under ultraviolet radiation. The devices based on ZnO microspheres exhibited high sensitivity to the incident photons and showed stable photoelectric behavior under various bending conditions. • Zinc oxide microspheres were synthesized by the assembly of nanoplatelets • The role of glycerol in the aggregation of ZnO nanoplatelets was investigated • The improved PL properties of microspheres revealed enhanced light-capturing ability • Flexible photodetectors were fabricated based on ZnO microspheres and nanoplatelets • The ZnO spheres showed stable photoelectric behavior under various bending conditions