Studies on the mechanism of lignin colour reaction (XI). Maule colour reaction

In silico identification of conserved miRNAs in the genome of fibre biogenesis crop Corchorus capsularis

Transcriptional analysis of a delayed-flowering mutant under short-day conditions reveal genes related to photoperiodic response in tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Jute (Corchorus sp), the most important bast (phloem) fiber crop in the world, produces long and shiny fibers that attract diversified product manufacturing companies, including textile and paper Jute crop improvement research slowed down after facing hurdles of genome complexity, incompatibility among species, and a recalcitrant nature in the tissue culture of jute Most of the jute improvement research was focused only on varietal improvement (via conventional breeding) and very limited successes were reported in decoding its genomic information as well as the application of genetic engineering (via molecular breeding) The scenario started changing in the last 5 years (2014 onward), and many accomplishments have been reported in the field of jute improvement These include better understanding of many aspects, including the jute genome size, chromosome structure, genome sequencing, tissue culture regeneration, stable and efficient genetic transformation system development, and the application of genetic engineering to develop insect-resistant, fungus-resistant, and herbicide-tolerant varieties as well as further conceptualizing a low-lignin jute variety This review focuses on the stories behind these achievements and insights into the future possibilities of jute crop improvement via multitrait jute development and the application of CRISPR/Cas technology for its fiber quality improvement

Fiber crop, jute improvement by using genomics and genetic engineering

Traditional Mediterranean plant-based dishes could allow tackling malnutrition while preserving the cultural heritage. To determine the effect of the cooking method on mineral bioavailability, the content in minerals and chelators of Mloukhiya, a Mediterranean dish based on jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius) that contains also meat, was monitored during the whole cooking process. Mineral bioaccessibility was assessed by measuring in vitro dialyzability. Model equation was also used to estimate mineral bioavailability. Comparison of Mloukhiya samples collected at different cooking time points showed that the dish total mineral content did not change despite the exchanges between sauce and meat during cooking. However, iron bioavailability decreased, because 58% of heme iron was degraded after 5h of cooking and non-heme iron showed poor bioaccessibility (1.2%), mainly due to its high content of phenolic compounds. The bioaccessibility of other minerals (zinc, calcium, magnesium and potassium) was high, indicating that the food matrix had no or little effect. The mineral bioavailability values predicted by using mathematical models were of the same order of magnitude as the bioaccessibility values.

/pdf/nutriments-d-interets-en-sante-publique-en-tunisie-2iyjw68kt7.pdf

Nutriments d'intérêts en santé publique en Tunisie : prédiction et optimisation de leur composition et leur biodisponibilité au cours des procédés de transformation d'aliments traditionnels

Lignin is a versatile plant metabolite challenging high-end industrial applications of several plant products including jute. Application of developmental mutant in regulation of lignification in jute may open up door for much awaited jute based diversified products. In the present study, a novel dark jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) mutant with low lignin (7.23%) in phloem fibre being compared to wild-type JRO 204 (13.7%) was identified and characterised. Unique morphological features including undulated stem, petiole and leaf vein distinguished the mutant in gamma ray irradiated mutant population. Histological and biochemical analysis revealed reduced lignification of phloem fibre cells of the plant. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated temporal transcriptional regulation of CCoAMT1 gene in the mutant. The mutant was found an extremely useful model to study phloem fibre developmental biology in the crop besides acting as a donor genetic stock for low lignin containing jute fibre in dark jute improvement programme.

Morphological, Histobiochemical and Molecular Characterisation of Low Lignin Phloem Fibre ( llpf) Mutant of Dark Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. Ulcerative colitis is identified by mucus diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel distension, and anemia. 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immune suppressants are used for the therapy of ulcerative colitis. The mainchallenges in the management of thediseaseare drug-related side-effects and local targeting. To overcome these challengesprobiotics and micro and Nanoparticulate systemauspiciousapproaches to overcome drug-related adverse side effects and local targeting.Upon ingestion, the probiotics can result in beneficial health effects. Probiotics and micro and nanoparticulate approaches for suitable targeting and overcome the drug-associated side effect. Probiotics are mainly used as gut modulators but are also nowadays explored for their use in ulcerative colitis.The current therapeutic goals are to achieve clinical remission along with mucosal healing, avoidance of complications such as side effects of the drug and to improve the quality of life. The use of probiotics to increase the health of the intestine and used to block or manage intestinal disorders. They may prevent the induction of inflammatory reactions. Probiotics must be inspected for efficacy in the prevention and management of a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases, like antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Micro and Nanoparticulate drug delivery system has been achieving huge importance for targeting of the drug to colon locally at a controlled and sustained rate.

Nisha Kumari

Papers

Morphological, Histobiochemical and Molecular Characterisation of Low Lignin Phloem Fibre ( llpf) Mutant of Dark Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.)

Importance of nanocarriers and probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis