Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.)

체험마케팅(Experiential Marketing)의 오해와 진실

Social identity theory and the organization

Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior.

This research argues that the meaning embedded in consumption symbols, such as commercial brands, can serve to represent and institutionalize the values and beliefs of a culture. We conducted four studies to examine how the symbolic and expressive attributes associated with commercial brands are structured, and determine the degree to which this structure varies across three cultures. Relying on a combined emic-etic approach, we identified indigenous constructs of `brand personality' (Aaker, 1997) in two non-Anglo cultures (Japan and Spain), and compared these dimensions to those previously found in the United States. The results of Studies 1 and 2 revealed a set of brand personality dimensions common to both Japan and the United States (Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, and Sophistication), as well as culture-specific Japanese (Peacefulness) and American (Ruggedness) dimensions. Studies 3 and 4 extended this set of findings to Spain. Results from these studies also identified brand personality dimensions common to both Spain and the United States (Sincerity, Excitement, and Sophistication), plus non-shared Spanish (Passion) and American (Competence and Ruggedness) dimensions. The meaning of the culturally-common and -specific brand personality dimensions is discussed in the context of cross-cultural research on values and affect, globalization issues, and cultural frame shifting.

Consumption Symbols as Carriers of Culture: A Study of Japanese and Spanish Brand Personality Constructs

Designing corporate brand experience in an online context: A qualitative insight

The study attempts to explore the relationship of the level of education (graduate and non-graduate) with personality, family background and company background of entrepreneurs in urban Malaysia. Three demographic variables and one business characteristics variable were found to be significantly different between graduate and non-graduate entrepreneurs. Overall, in terms of entrepreneurial personality characteristics, both graduate and non-graduate entrepreneurs scored high with respect to the Pursuit of Excellence; moderately high on Work Ethics; moderate on Dominance, Mastery and Internal Attributing and moderately low on Powerful Others and Chance Attributing dimensions. The Chance Attributing dimension was found to be statistically significant in differentiating the two groups, whereas 'pursuit of excellence' and 'dominance' dimensions were marginally significant. The implications of the study are also discussed along with some recommendations.

Graduate versus non-graduate entrepreneurs in urban Malaysia: some insights into entrepreneurial personality, company and family background differences

This article examines the socio-cultural and demographic antecedents of consumers' ethnocentricity and the influence of ethnocentric emotion on domestic products vis-a-vis imported ones. The results reveal that socio-cultural and demographic factors, particularly the openness to new culture, conservatism and fatalism are significantly related to ethnocentric tendencies of the Malaysian consumers. High ethnocentric consumers would prefer domestic products on several product types such as sneakers, fruits and cars. These findings would have significant implications for international marketers with useful understanding of consumers' reasons for buying domestic versus imported goods particularly in developing countries.

Ethnocentrism Orientation and Choice Decisions of Malaysian Consumers: The Effects of Socio- Cultural and Demographic Factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of atmospherics on in-store behaviour among Malay Muslim shoppers in Malaysia. The effect of age on shopping behaviour is tested using two age groups: 18-25 years and 50 years or older. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative methodology was employed, using structural equation modelling for testing the hypotheses developed. Purposive sampling was applied. Findings – Results of the present study show that positive perceptions of atmospherics exerted a positive influence on mood, which, in turn, affected in-store behaviour. Based on stimulus–organism–response theory, Muslim shoppers who were positive about the atmospherics tend to spend more time and money, and they exhibited intention to patronize the store again. Originality/value – Although past studies suggest that Muslim consumers are different due to their Islamic way of life, guided by the Islamic principles, by controlling for country-specific influences such as socio-economic factor...

Nor Othman

Papers

Designing corporate brand experience in an online context: A qualitative insight

Graduate versus non-graduate entrepreneurs in urban Malaysia: some insights into entrepreneurial personality, company and family background differences

Ethnocentrism Orientation and Choice Decisions of Malaysian Consumers: The Effects of Socio- Cultural and Demographic Factors

The mediating effect of mood on in-store behaviour among Muslim shoppers

The Role of Family Communication and Television Viewing in the Development of Materialistic Values among Young Adults: A Review