Application of conducting polymers to biosensors.

The growth of membrane technology

There is an urgent need in the medical diagnostics laboratories for accurate, fast and inexpensive devices, which can be routinely used. The reliable and accurate information on the desired biochemical parameters is an essential prerequisite for effective healthcare. In this context, biosensors are considered to provide viable solutions to the problems posed by the contemporary healthcare industry. This is because these biosensing devices offer considerable advantages, such as specificity, small size faster response and cost. It is anticipated that these bioanalytical tools can be used for frequent measurements of metabolites, blood cations and gases, etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight some of the trends that rule the research and developments of some of the important biosensors that are likely to accelerate the growth of clinical diagnostics industry.

Biosensors for clinical diagnostics industry

Structured thin films as functional components within biosensors.

Preparations of Langmuir-Blodgett films of enzyme-lipid complexes: A glucose sensor membrane

Polyvinylhcloride membrane for a glucose sensor

Determination of urea in blood serum with use of immobilized urease and a microwave cavity ammonia monitor

PURPOSE: To manufacture organic ammonium hydroxide of extra high purity, by electrolyzing the organic ammonium salt of specified composition in an electrolyzing cell which makes a cation exchange membrane as a diaphragm. CONSTITUTION: The inside of an electrolytic cell 1 is partitioned by a cation exchange membrane 2 into an anode chamber 3 and a cathode chamber 4, and an anode 5 and a cathode 6 are provided in each chamber. The aqueous solution of organic ammonium salt of tetramethylammoniumchloride etc. represented in the formulaIof which concentration is 5W30wt% is circulated through the anode chamber 3 via an outlet 8, a liquid bath 9, being supplied from an inlet 7. And the dilute water of organic ammonium hydroxide such as ca. 1% concentration of tetramethylammoniumhydroxide etc. represented in the formula II as the product is circulated through the cathode chamber 4 via an outlet 13, a solvent bath 14, being supplied from an inlet 12. Electrolysis is done at the temperature 10W40°C and at the current density of 1W50A/dm 2 in the both electrode chambers and it is continued until the concentration of tetramethylammoniumhydroxide rises to 2W30wt%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

Manufacture of organic ammonium hydroxide using ion exchange membrane

Strong base, anion-exchange resins in which an imidazole compound is utilized as a source of the anion-exchange groups. The imidazole compound is utilized as or through the reaction product thereof with an epoxy compound.

Anion-exchange resins

PURPOSE: To produce a heat resistant anion exchange resin having high mechanical strength and good flexibility without using aliphatic tert. amines by reacting cpds. having halomethyl group and oxirane ring with imidazoles and further reacting the products with multi-functional epoxy epds. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio

Noriyoshi Tamura

Papers

Polyvinylhcloride membrane for a glucose sensor

Determination of urea in blood serum with use of immobilized urease and a microwave cavity ammonia monitor

Manufacture of organic ammonium hydroxide using ion exchange membrane

Anion-exchange resins

Production of anion exchanger