Norman A. McFarlane

TL;DR: In this paper, a simplified cumulus parameterization scheme, suitable for use in GCMs, is presented, based on a plume ensemble concept similar to that originally proposed by Arakawa and Schubert (1974).

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of large-scale momentum sinks due to breaking of orographically excited gravity waves, on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation of the troposphere and lower stratosphere is examined by introducing a simple wave drag parameterization into the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model.

TL;DR: A global, three-dimensional climate model, developed by coupling the CCCma second-generation atmospheric general circulation model (GCM2) to a version of the GFDL modular ocean model (MOM1), forms the basis for extended simulations of past, current and projected future climate as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The Canadian Climate Centre second generation general circulation model (GCMII) is described in this article and compared with the observed climatology in a general successful manner, and results from a ten-year climate simulation made with the new model are presented and compared.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLSS) is described and the accompanying vegetation model is described, including physically based treatment of energy and moisture fluxes from the canopy as well as radiation and precipitation cascades through it, and incorporating explicit thermal separation of the vegetation from the underlying ground.