Energy loss, range, path length, time-of-flight, straggling, multiple scattering, and nuclear interaction probability: In two parts. Part 1. For 63 compounds Part 2. For elements 1 ⩽ Z ⩽ 92

A review is given of the physical properties, composition and crystal structure of intermetallic compounds formed between rare-earth elements and non-magnetic metals, with emphasis on the magnetic properties. Included are the properties of compounds in which the non-rare-earth component is a 4d or 5d transition element. Special consideration is given to the properties of pseudo-binary compounds. Results of magnetisation measurements, neutron diffraction and neutron scattering are discussed together with results derived from NMR, ESR and Mossbauer effect spectroscopy. An evaluation is given of the relevance of the experimental results with respect to different types of exchange interactions in this class of intermetallics. Special consideration is also given to the influence of crystal field effects on the magnetic properties and, furthermore, to the occurrence of intermediate valences in several of the compounds of Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/42/8/003/pdf

Intermetallic compounds of rare earths and non-magnetic metals

Magnetic measurements from 1.5 to 300 K on the complete series of Cu3Au-type R Pd3 phases have been made. LaPd3 and LuPd3 are diamagnetic at room temperature. CePd3 shows Pauli-type paramagnetism indicative of a nonmagnetic virtual bound state. PrPd3 and NdPd3 are affected at low temperatures by the presence of the crystal field. The magnetic properties of SmPd3 and EuPd3 are determined by the energy levels of the lowest multiplet. GdPd3 and (possibly) TbPd3 become antiferromagnetic at 7.5 and 2.5 K respectively. DyPd3-ErPd3 obey the Curie law. The magnetic properties of these phases are discussed in relation to crystal field effects and a possible band structure.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0305-4608/2/1/019/pdf

The magnetic properties of rare earth-Pd3 phases

Many solid state properties are correlated to simple parameters like the atomic mass, the interatomic distance and some measure of the strength of the interatomic interaction, e.g. the melting temperature Tm or some Debye temperature θD. Such empirical relations are investigated for elastic properties, melting temperature, thermal expansion, vacancy formation energy, grain boundary and surface energy, cohesive energy, heat of fusion, activation energies for bulk, grain boundary, surface and dislocation pipe diffusion, viscosity, activation energy for creep, recrystallization temperature and other properties. When experimental data are available, both elements and diatomic compounds (alkali halides, oxides, carbides, III-V semiconductors) are considered. The correlations to Tm, θD(T = 0) and a high temperature effective θD are compared. It is found that for all practical purposes Tm gives the best correlation. For diatomic compounds, the average mass is not uniquely defined and various averages are discussed. The purpose of the paper is not only to present empirical relations but also to give a short account of the possibilities to calculate the considered parameters using solid state theory in its most advanced present state.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-8949/10/6/011/pdf

Correlation of Properties of Materials to Debye and Melting Temperatures

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses rare earth compounds. The number of stable binary intermetallic compounds in which one of the components is a rare earth element is of the order of a thousand. Combination with elements of much smaller metallic radii then encompasses a much larger number of possible atomic arrangements of sufficiently high space filling than would be the case for two components of almost equal size. A meaningful study of the physical properties of intermetallic compounds can only be made on single phase materials. Only a fraction of the compounds is in single phase condition after the melting together of the components. The chapter explains the compounds with non-magnetic elements and compounds with d-transition metals. It also explains ternary compounds or hydrides.

Chapter 4 Rare earth compounds

The disintegration curve of mesotrons has been experimentally determined by investigating the delayed emission of disintegration electrons which takes place after the absorption of mesotrons by matter. Within the experimental errors, the disintegration curve is exponential and corresponds to a mean lifetime of 2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 microseconds.

Experimental Determination of the Disintegration Curve of Mesotrons

The ν3 bands of 187Os16O4, 189Os16O4, and 192Os16O4 have been recorded using both a Michelson interferometer (resolution 0.06 cm−1) and a tunable semiconductor diode laser (resolution limited by the Doppler width, ∼0.0007 cm−1). The rotational fine structure differs from that of most other spherical‐top molecules, for only rotational levels of A symmetry exist. A total of 112 individual vibration–rotation lines in the P and R branches of the three isotopic species were calibrated against stimulated emission lines from a high‐voltage CO2 gain cell, and were used to determine three scalar and two tensor spectroscopic constants for each species; an additional scalar constant was obtained from an analysis of the Q branch of 192OsO4. The strength of P (11) A2 0 was measured for 192OsO4 and yields a vibrational transition moment for ν3 of 0.17±0.02 D. Transitions of all isotopic species that are expected to fall near CO2 laser lines in the region 949–972 cm−1 are tabulated as an aid in the interpreation of satu...

High resolution spectroscopy of the OsO4 stretching fundamental at 961 cm−1

Neutron‐diffraction measurements made on powder samples of TbIn3, TbPt3, and HoIn3 show that all of these compounds exhibit antiferromagnetism below Neel temperatures of 37 ± 1°K, 20.5 ± 0.5°K, and 11.5 ± 0.5°K, respectively. The magnetic reflections from TbPt3 can be indexed on a doubled chemical cell of cubic symmetry. A possible magnetic model consists of an arrangement where the Tb moments are aligned in opposite directions in adjacent (111) magnetic planes. The magnetic reflections from TbIn3 and HoIn3 can be indexed on a doubled chemical cell of tetragonal symmetry. An appropriate magnetic arrangement is one in which the rare‐earth moments are aligned in opposite directions in adjacent (110) magnetic planes. For TbIn3 the moment direction makes an angle of 10 ± 5° with the unique or c axis of the magnetic cell; for HoIn3 the corresponding moment direction is 58 ± 5°. The saturation ordered moment on the rare‐earth atom sites in all three compounds is approximately 10% less than the calculated or expected values. The magnetic structures are compared with predictions of the indirect exchange theory.

Magnetic Properties of TbIn3, TbPt3 and HoIn3

'HE authors of the present paper have recently described a method for the experimental determination of the disintegration curve of Tnesotrons and have given a preliminary account of the results obtained. ' The method has been since improved and a new and more extensive set of data has been taken. A summary of the riew results is presented here. The experimental arrangement, which is similar in principle to that used in the previous experiment, is schematically represented in Fig. 1. The three counters L are in parallel, and so are the four counters 8 and the five counters JI. Counters A, ~, A2, and 8 feed into the \"time circuit\" T; this circuit gives a pulse whose amplitude is a function of the time delay between a coincidence A &A2 and the subsequent pulse of 8. Counters L, A1, A~, 8, and M feed into an anticoincidence circuit C, which records the anticoincidences LA1A28 —2VI, i.e. , the coincidences between LA1A2 and 8 which are not accompanied by a pulse in lK The recording circuit R operates a pen writing instrument in such a way that the pulse from the time circuit is recorded only when it is accompanied by a pulse from the anticoincidence circuit. The events which one desires to record are of the following type. A mesotron traverses the counters L, A1, and A &, is stopped in the absorber A, and then disintegrates giving rise to an electron which discharges one of counters B.The amplitude of the pulse from the time circuit, as recorded by the pen writing instrument, gives a measure of the life span of the mesotron in the absorber. In addition to the records representing disintegration events, records will be obtained whenever

Norris Nereson

Papers

Experimental Determination of the Disintegration Curve of Mesotrons

High resolution spectroscopy of the OsO4 stretching fundamental at 961 cm−1

Magnetic Properties of TbIn3, TbPt3 and HoIn3

Further Measurements on the Disintegration Curve of Mesotrons

Inefficiency and Other Sources of Error in Cosmic-Ray Measurements with Self-Quenching Counters