Showing papers by "Nursyarizal Mohd Nor published in 2017"

Building energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: A review

Abstract: Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia near the equator within the typical tropical climatic zone. The efficient use of energy is vital due to the dependency on fossil resources that are being exhausted, which ultimately cause CO2 emissions. Economic development and population growth are deemed to affect the growing energy demand in the country. Therefore, sustainability, energy security, and climate change are crucial challenges for the power sector in Malaysia. The aforementioned issues can be tackled with energy efficient measures in the building sector. Buildings in Malaysia consume 14.3% of the overall energy and 53% of only electrical energy is being consumed in residential and commercial sectors. Therefore, energy efficiency in buildings is crucial in order to reduce the energy use and improve the local environmental sustainability. This paper discusses a review on the building energy scenario, the policy perspectives, building energy efficiency programs along with landmark buildings and their characteristics. Besides, the potential of renewable energy resources in buildings and various prospective issues and challenges faced by the country have also been discussed. The significant review content thus benefits researchers, scientists and practitioners for a better understanding on energy efficiency and the sustainable measures that have been so far taken. The review also puts forward some actions to promote building energy efficiency and conservation.

Sizing and placement of battery-coupled distributed photovoltaic generations

Abstract: The rate of integration of distributed generation (DG) using renewable sources is increasing in distribution networks because of their technical and economic advantages. However, mismatches in the timing of electricity demand and generation in distribution networks have restricted the penetration of non-dispatchable DGs such as photovoltaic (PV) plants. Such a problem associated with the integration of DGs in distribution networks could be eliminated using the proper application of battery energy storage systems. In this paper, optimal planning of battery-coupled distributed photovoltaic generators (BCDPGs) in distribution networks is presented. The optimal planning determines the size and location of BCDPGs and schedules the charging and discharging of the batteries, while minimizing the total energy losses subject to technical constraints. To estimate the output from PV modules, 15-year solar irradiance data is modeled using the beta probability density function. Mixed-integer optimization using a genet...

Direct Drive Linear Generator Designs with Aluminium Spacer and Alternate Slot Winding for Wave Energy Conversion System

Abstract: This paper presents the study on direct drive linear generator designs with aluminium spacer and alternate slot winding for wave energy conversion system . The study involved the development of permanent magnet linear generator designs with the variation on aluminium spacer utilization as part of magnet assembly and alternate slot winding usage instead of conventional winding arrangement. The proposed designs were simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM) software to attain the results on flux distribution, air-gap flux density and open circuit results. The total weight and material cost of each design were also estimated. These results are significant in finding the acceptable design’s alternatives to counter the need of huge and heavy linear generator in wave energy converter system. Comparative studies on simulation results and calculated data were conducted between the alternative and conventional design. It is found out that alternate slot winding design improves the performance of conventional design with no impact on design’s weight and material cost while aluminium spacer design yields more significant negative results on the performance than the positive effects in term of design’s weight and material cost.

Noninvasive Methods for Condition Monitoring and Electrical Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motors

Abstract: This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of noninvasive methods to diagnose stator winding insulation faults of an induction motor. Further, a novel noninvasive method is proposed to diagnose the root cause of winding failure due to unbalanced voltage to avoid catastrophic failure. Therefore, a winding function approach is utilized to derive an analytical expression for stator winding distribution andmagnetomotive force (MMF). This tactic qualifies the conductor segment that generates MMF, and it also helps to analyze a healthy current spectrum. One can easily observe higher order harmonics in current spectrum; therefore, a new series of rotor harmonics is introduced to diagnose unbalanced supply. The locus of these harmonics is dependent on the poles, rotor bars, and slip. Due to the rapid complexity in industrial plants, it is inconceivable to continue human inspection to diagnose the faults. Thus, to avoid human inspection, in addition to new series of rotor harmonic, a fully automatic method based on neural network is proposed. This method not only diagnoses unbalanced voltage but it also recognize the percentage of unbalanced voltage by use of feed-forward multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained by back propagation. Finally, the experimental results shows the validation of this research work proposed method.

Optimal Chiller Loading Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract: Reducing energy consumption is one of the most important for optimal electric-driven chiller operation. Therefore, even small reduction in power consumption will achieve significant energy savings. This paper adopts improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), which is aiming to reduce energy consumption, and improve the performance of chillers. The method has been validated by real case study, and the results have demonstrated the effectiveness for saving energy and kept the cooling demand at satisfactory level.

Minimization of Eddy-Current Loss in a Permanent-Magnet Tubular Linear Motor

Abstract: This paper presents a minimization of eddy-current loss (ECL) in permanent-magnet (PM) of three tubular linear PM motors (TLPMMs). Three-dimensional Finite-Element Analysis has been used for the simulations. The ECL component is usually not taken into consideration in conventional PM motors. In present technologies, ECL is generated inside magnets of PM motors, due to both the high conductivity of the rare-earth magnets and the harmonics of the slot. This loss can increase the temperature inside the magnets and that may deteriorate their magnetic properties and potential risk of thermal demagnetization. Therefore, in the translator, segmented magnets has been used, because the cancelation of the ECL with this technique is possible as illustrated by the FEA results. Meanwhile, for the stator core of the three proposed motors, soft magnetic composite (SMC) material, Somaloy 700 has been used for its low cost and approximately zero ECL.

The Fabrication and Characterization of Short-Stroke Tubular Linear Permanent-Magnet Motor

Abstract: This paper describes the characterization and fabrication of tubular linear permanent-magnet motor (TLPMM). The motor is single-phase moving-magnet with a quasi-Halbach magnetization patterns. The soft magnetic composite (SMC) material, Somaloy 700, has been used for the fabricated stator core of the TLPMM and a single ring coil has been placed in this stator. Meanwhile, the translator consists of permanent-magnet (PM) rings, Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) rode on a supporting tube made of ferromagnetic material. This kind of motor has a simple structure, high force capability, and high efficiency. Therefore, the proposed motor with these characteristics is possible to drive the piston in a reciprocating compressor of the refrigerator applications with more energy saving. Based on the simulation results from the Finite-Element Analysis (FEA), it is possible to fabricate a TLPMM with efficiency more than 94 %. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed motor has a capability to operate the reciprocating compressor in the refrigeration applications.

Design and execution of single input multiple output DC-DC converter

Abstract: Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are seen as the future of the automotive industry with its aim to replace the conventional combustion engine vehicle. The conventional Multi-Input Multi-Output topology used in the electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications. The weaknesses of this topology are the complexity of circuit which increases the size of the converter and overall cost. In this research, the novel idea would be to implement the Single-Input Multi-Output DC-DC converter topology in an electric vehicle. The proposed idea will be able to overcome the downsides of the conventional method of the DC-DC converter used in electric vehicle and thus benefiting users. The limitations of this research would be the implementation of the system in a real electric vehicle. The circuit designed will be simulated, fabricated and evaluated.

Power System State Estimation Bad Data Detection and Identification: A Review on Issues and Alternative Formulations

Abstract: State Estimation (SE) is the main function of power system where Energy Management System (EMS) is obliged to estimate the available states. Power system is a quasi-static system and hence changes slowly with time. Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) technique represents the time deviation nature of the system, which allows the forecasting of state vector in advance. Various techniques for DSE are available in the literature. This paper presents a review on different methodologies and developments in DSE, based on comprehensive survey of the available literature. From the survey it can be concluded that there are still areas in the developing DSE that can still be improved in terms of system computational time, redundancy and robustness of the system.

A Hardware and Software Integration Approach for Development of a Non-invasive Condition Monitoring Systems for Motor-Coupled Gears Faults Diagnosis

Abstract: A non-invasive condition monitoring system for diagnosis of faults is vital for induction motors to operate safely and reliably. The currently used invasive techniques need direct access to the motor to collect and analyze data. Furthermore, the sensors used in invasive techniques are relatively expensive. This paper presents the development of hardware and software integrations for non-invasive diagnostic system to monitor specifically motor-coupled gear defects. The proposed system employs instantaneous power analysis, a unique technique for diagnostic condition monitoring which allows real-time non-stop tracking as well as assesses the severity of the defects. This technique can be adopted for decision-making that is not only fast but reliable. The severity of different gear defects have been studied experimentally, and the results were analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through experimentation from the actual hardware implementation through the system-design platform and development environment software tool, LabVIEW.

Development of an Automated Three-Phase Distribution Box System

Abstract: Most electrical appliances require continuous power supply. For domestic use, crucial appliances such as refrigerator, aquarium and alarm system highly depend upon the continuity of power supply. However, if they are left without electricity due to power outage or blackouts caused by internal or external disturbance, the discontinuity of power supply could be a critical issue to some involving party. Blackouts may be due to short circuit, fault or the overloading of electricity mains. During power outage, Residual Current Device (RCD) detects fault currents from live to the neutral wire within circuit and will trip to prevent shock. This circumstance can increase safety when a house is left unoccupied. Be that as it may, the power will remain switched off until manually reset by man. Thus, this paper presented a new concept of Three-Phase distribution box system in order to overcome tripping problem. This system will be able to identify and isolate the fault using measurement of current flow into each Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) of appliances and current flowing out from each of the load. The measured current value will be compared and the maximum allowable difference is 30mA. If the current difference exceeds the maximum limit then the fault MCB will be detected. Hence RCD will be automatically close the circuit after determining the fault location via the motor operation to make sure of power stability and evade any property loss.

Investigation of the DGS-CDRA Design with the Aperture Coupling Technique for Wide Band Application

Abstract: In this paper, a design of wideband antenna by tuning the aperture slot parameters and using two dielectric pellets is investigated and discussed. The performance of the resonant frequencies, impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern of the DGS-CDRA (Defected Ground Structure Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna) are analyzed. The design achieved a wideband impedance bandwidth of 4.0 GHz (50.74 %) by using two slots aperture and thick substrate. Two dielectric pellets with the same type and size are coupled to a microstrip line through two rectangular slots. The slots positions are tuned along (below) microstrip line to a position where impedance bandwidth from both dielectric pellets are merged and form a wide impedance bandwidth. Subsequently, performance of the antenna is being analyzed based on the simulation results of return loss and radiation pattern. The design is fabricated and the measurement results of impedance bandwidth are compared with the simulation results.