An attempt is made in This work to present critical literature review and an up-to-date and exhaustive bibliography on the AGC of power systems. Various control aspects concerning the AGC problem have been highlighted. AGC schemes based on parameters, such as linear and nonlinear power system models, classical and optimal control, and centralized, decentralized, and multilevel control, are discussed. AGC strategies based on digital, self-tuning control, adaptive, VSS systems, and intelligent/soft computing control have been included. Finally, the investigations on AGC systems incorporating BES/SMES, wind turbines, FACTS devices, and PV systems have also been discussed.

Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems

The authors describe what automatic generation control (AGC) might be expected to do, and what may not be possible or expedient for it to do. The purposes and objectives of AGC are limited by physical elements involved in the process and, hence, the relevant characteristics of these elements are described. For reasons given, it is desired that AGC act slowly and deliberately over tens of seconds or a few minutes. From a perspective of utility operations, there is no particular economic or control purpose served by speeding up the AGC action. >

Understanding automatic generation control

This paper records the development of a state variable model of the megawatt-frequency control problem of multiarea electric energy systems. The model is in a mathematical form necessary for application of theorems of modem optimal control theory.

The Megawatt-Frequency Control Problem: A New Approach Via Optimal Control Theory

Load frequency control strategies: A state-of-the-art survey for the researcher

In this paper an extensive literature review on load–frequency control (LFC) problem in power system has been highlighted. The various configuration of power system models and control techniques/strategies that concerns to LFC issues have been addressed in conventional as well as distribution generation-based power systems. Further, investigations on LFC challenges incorporating storage devices BESS/SMES, FACTS devices, wind–diesel and PV systems etc have been discussed too.

A literature survey on load–frequency control for conventional and distribution generation power systems

The North American Power Systems Interconnection Committee recommends that each control area set its frequency bias equal to the so-called area frequency response characteristic (AFRC). The authors question seriously the basis for this practice and prove by the methods of optimum control that better response and wider stability margins can be obtained by lower bias settings.

Optimum Megawatt-Frequency Control of Multiarea Electric Energy Systems

A New Approach Via OptimalControlTheory

THE ROOT LOCUS methods have in recent years gained a widespread popularity among control engineers engaged in the work of both analysis and synthesis. The reason for this is rather obvious; the root locus techniques give the system designer more information of the kind in which he is interested when analyzing a given system; when he is synthesizing a control network, these techniques permit him to build the desired characteristics into the system in a much more direct fashion than did the old frequency response techniques. The basis for this statement is that in the large majority of control systems, the transient, not the frequency, response is of overshadowing importance.

Olle I. Elgerd

Papers

Optimum Megawatt-Frequency Control of Multiarea Electric Energy Systems

The Megawatt-Frequency Control Problem: A New Approach Via Optimal Control Theory

A New Approach Via OptimalControlTheory

Effect of closed-loop transfer function pole and zero locations on the transient response of linear control systems

Optimum linear control of the multivariate megawatt- frequency control problem