A family of nonlinear filters based on order statistics is presented. A mathematical tool derived through robust estimation theory, order statistics has allowed engineers to develop nonlinear filters with excellent robustness properties. These filters are well suited to digital image processing because they preserve the edges and the fine details of an image much better than conventional linear filters. The probabilistic and deterministic properties of the best known and most widely used filter in this family, the median filter, are discussed. In addition, the authors consider filters that, while not based on order statistics, are related to them through robust estimation theory. A table that ranks nonlinear filters under a variety of performance criteria is included. Most of the topics treated are very active research areas, and the applications are varied, including HDTV, multichannel signal processing of geophysical and ECG/EEG data, and a variety of telecommunications applications. >

/pdf/order-statistics-in-digital-image-processing-1rhdihn5hi.pdf

Order statistics in digital image processing

Asynchronous Circuit Design

This expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Thomas H. Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits features a completely new chapter on the principles of wireless systems. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded as well. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs that bring together all the various theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. First Edition Hb (1998): 0-521-63061-4 First Edition Pb (1998); 0-521-63922-0

The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits: RF CIRCUITS THROUGH THE AGES

Background— Pulmonary vein (PV) –encircling radiofrequency ablation frequently is effective in vagal atrial fibrillation (AF), and there is evidence that PVs may be particularly prone to cholinergically induced arrhythmia mechanisms. However, PV ablation procedures also can affect intracardiac autonomic ganglia. The present study examined the relative role of PVs versus peri-PV autonomic ganglia in an experimental vagal AF model. Methods and Results— Cholinergic AF was studied under carbachol infusion in coronary perfused canine left atrial PV preparations in vitro and with cervical vagal stimulation in vivo. Carbachol caused dose-dependent AF promotion in vitro, which was not affected by excision of all PVs. Sustained AF could be induced easily in all dogs during vagal nerve stimulation in vivo both before and after isolation of all PVs with encircling lesions created by a bipolar radiofrequency ablation clamp device. PV elimination had no effect on atrial effective refractory period or its responses to ...

Pulmonary vein region ablation in experimental vagal atrial fibrillation: role of pulmonary veins versus autonomic ganglia.

Note: Includes index + new features guide (1995) + quick reference Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08

Signal processing toolbox for use with MATLAB : ユーザーズガイド

Predictive synchronization and restoration of corrupted velocity samples

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a cost-effective and flexible technology for DSP ASIC prototype development. In this article, the fast ASIC prototyping concept based on the use of multiple FPGAs is reviewed in different engineering applications. The design experiences of the proposed approach, applied to four different DSP ASIC design projects are presented. The design experiences concerning the selection of the design methodology, application architectures and prototyping technologies are analyzed with respect to efficient system integration and ASIC migration from the FPGA prototype onto first-time functional silicon. Novel prototyping techniques based on using configurable hardware modellers concerning the same objective are studied. Some future goals are outlined to develop an integrated, multipurpose DSP ASIC prototyping environment.

DSP system integration and prototyping with FPGAS

FIR predictors for polynomial signals and sinusoids are easy to design because of the available closed-form design formulae. On the other hand, those FIR predictors have two major drawbacks: the passband gain peak is usually greater than +3 dB, and a long FIR structure is needed to attain high attenuation in the stopband. Both of these characteristics cause severe problems, particularly in embedded control applications when the predictor operates inside a closed control loop. In this paper, we present a novel feedback extension scheme for FIR forward predictors. This extension makes it possible to easily design IIR predictors with low passband ripple and high stopband attenuation. The new approach is illustrated with design examples.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/3744/10942/00504454.pdf

Design of predictive IIR filters via feedback extension of FIR forward predictors

Finite impulse response (FIR) predictors for polynomial signals and sinusoids are easy to design because of the available closed-form design formulae. On the other hand, those FIR predictors have two major drawbacks: the passband gain peak is usually greater than +3 dB, and a long FIR structure is needed to attain high attenuation in the stopband. Both of these characteristics cause severe problems, particularly in control instrumentation when the predictor operates inside a closed control loop. In this paper, we present a novel feedback extension scheme for FIR forward predictors. This extension makes it possible to easily design infinite impulse response (IIR) predictors with low passband ripple and high stopband attenuation. The new approach is illustrated with design examples.

New processor structures for generalized stack filters are proposed. They can be implemented using different numbers of Boolean function units. The class of pipeline-parallel structures for generalized stack filters is simple and modular in structure, and suitable for VLSI implementation. Coder and decoder networks are developed for the mutual transform of binary-weighted and unary-weighted codes as the thresholding and addition units of the processors. The area time complexity A/spl middot/T of the proposed filters is O(k/sup 3/) due to the feedback, instead of O(2/sup k/) for the threshold decomposition structure, where k is the number of bits for sample representation. >

Olli Vainio

Papers

Predictive synchronization and restoration of corrupted velocity samples

DSP system integration and prototyping with FPGAS

Design of predictive IIR filters via feedback extension of FIR forward predictors

Design of predictive IIR filters via feedback extension of FIR forward predictors

Processors for generalized stack filters