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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, vibration and electromagnetic radiation energy harvesting has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC-DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy harvesters. This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power management circuits.

Micropower energy harvesting

Several electrically small resonant antennas employing the composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) are presented for integration with portable RF modules. The proposed antenna designs are based on the unique property of anti-parallel phase and group velocity of the CRLH-TL at its fundamental mode. In this mode, the propagation constant increases as the frequency decreases, therefore, a small guided wavelength can be obtained at a lower frequency to provide the small lambdag/2 resonant length used to realize a compact antenna design. Furthermore, the physical size and the operational frequency of the antenna depend on the unit cell size and the equivalent transmission line model parameters of the CRLH-TL, including series inductance, series capacitance, shunt inductance and shunt capacitance. Optimization of these parameters as well as miniaturization techniques of the physical size of unit cell is investigated. A four unit-cell resonant antenna is designed and tested at 1.06 GHz. The length, width and height of the proposed antenna are 1/19lambda0, 1/23lambda0 and 1/83lambda0, respectively. In addition, a compact antenna using a 2-D three by three mushroom like unit cell arrangement is developed at 1.17 GHz, showing that an increased gain of 0.6 dB and higher radiation efficiency can be achieved over the first prototype antenna. The same design is applied in the development of a circularly polarized antenna operating at 2.46 GHz. A 116deg beamwidth with axial ratio better than 3 dB is observed. The physical size of the proposed mushroom type small antenna and the circularly polarized antenna is 1/14lambda0 by 1/14lambda0 by 1/39lambda0 and 1/10lambda0 by 1/10lambda 0 by 1/36lambda0, respectively

Composite right/left-handed transmission line based compact resonant antennas for RF module integration

The emergence of wireless technologies and advancements in on-body sensor design can enable change in the conventional health-care system, replacing it with wearable health-care systems, centred on the individual. Wearable monitoring systems can provide continuous physiological data, as well as better information regarding the general health of individuals. Thus, such vital-sign monitoring systems will reduce health-care costs by disease prevention and enhance the quality of life with disease management. In this paper, recent progress in non-invasive monitoring technologies for chronic disease management is reviewed. In particular, devices and techniques for monitoring blood pressure, blood glucose levels, cardiac activity and respiratory activity are discussed; in addition, on-body propagation issues for multiple sensors are presented.

Detecting Vital Signs with Wearable Wireless Sensors

A compact, high performance, and novel-shaped ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with low mutual coupling is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two radiating elements with shared ground plane having an area of $50\times 30$ mm2. F-shaped stubs are introduced in the shared ground plane of the proposed antenna to produce high isolation between the MIMO antenna elements. The designed MIMO antenna has very low mutual coupling of (S21 7.4 dB), high multiplexing efficiency ( ${\eta }_{\mathrm {Mux}}> -3.5$ ), and high peak gain over the entire UWB frequencies. The antenna performance is studied in terms of S-Parameters, radiation properties, peak gain, diversity gain, envelop correlation coefficient, and multiplexing efficiency. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.

Mutual Coupling Reduction Using F-Shaped Stubs in UWB-MIMO Antenna

In this paper, a metamaterial structure is presented to lower the mutual coupling between the closely spaced microstrip patch antenna elements. Two elements Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna is closely placed with each other at edge to edge separation of 0.135 λ 0 (7 mm). Isolation improvement of 9 dB is achieved by keeping the metamaterial structure in between the MIMO elements. With the proposed structure, the isolation is achieved around −24.5 dB. Due to low ECC, high gain, low channel capacity loss and very low mutual coupling between elements, the proposed antenna is a good candidate for the MIMO applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/7/10/267/pdf

Metamaterial-Based Highly Isolated MIMO Antenna for Portable Wireless Applications

The performance of the future mobile communication system could greatly improve as a result of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Reduction of the interference between the D2D users and cellular users is crucial in improving the overall throughput and efficiency of the D2D communication based on NOMA. This paper proposes a joint sub-channel and power allocation algorithm for D2D communication based on NOMA to maximize the uplink energy efficiency and throughput of the mobile communication system. The algorithm uses the Kuhn-Munkres (KM) technique to allocate a channel for each D2D group and formulates an optimal power allocation problem using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms in regards to energy efficiency and throughput under different network conditions.

/pdf/an-efficient-resource-allocation-algorithm-for-d2d-894rxpw4w7.pdf

An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for D2D Communications Based on NOMA

A low-profile and efficient substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based self-triplexing antenna for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), fifth-generation (5G) and wireless LAN (WLAN) applications is proposed in this brief. The antenna consists of two SIW cavities, out of which one is embedded in the other. The outer SIW cavity is excited with $50\Omega $ microstrip lines while the inner cavity inside the outer one is excited through a $50\Omega $ coaxial probe. The proposed triplexing-antenna works at three different frequencies [3.5 GHz (WiMAX band), 4.8 GHz (5G band) and 5.4 GHz (WLAN band)]. The outer SIW cavity provides two resonances at 4.8 and 5.4 GHz, while the inner cavity generates resonance at 3.5 GHz. High isolation (>26 dB) between the three ports is observed upon excitation of one cavity mode ( $TE_{101}$ ) and one patch mode ( $TM_{10}$ ). The antenna posses high gain and efficiency for all three bands along with >16.1 dB front-to-back ratio (FTBR). The proposed model is fabricated for validation of the simulated results. A reasonable matching between the simulated and measured results is observed.

A Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Self-Triplexing Antenna

The Internet-of-things (IoT) has been gradually paving the way for the pervasive connectivity of wireless networks. Due to the ability to connect a number of devices to the Internet, many applications of IoT networks have recently been proposed. Though these applications range from industrial automation to smart homes, healthcare applications are the most critical. Providing reliable connectivity among wearables and other monitoring devices is one of the major tasks of such healthcare networks. The main source of power for such low-powered IoT devices is the batteries, which have a limited lifetime and need to be replaced or recharged periodically. In order to improve their lifecycle, one of the most promising proposals is to harvest energy from the ambient resources in the environment. For this purpose, we designed an energy harvesting protocol that harvests energy from two ambient energy sources, namely radio frequency (RF) at 2.4 GHz and thermal energy. A rectenna is used to harvest RF energy, while the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is employed to harvest human thermal energy. To verify the proposed design, extensive simulations are performed in Green Castalia, which is a framework that is used with the Castalia simulator in OMNeT++. The results show significant improvements in terms of the harvested energy and lifecycle improvement of IoT devices.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/2/407/pdf

Omar A. Saraereh

Papers

Mutual Coupling Reduction Using F-Shaped Stubs in UWB-MIMO Antenna

Metamaterial-Based Highly Isolated MIMO Antenna for Portable Wireless Applications

An Efficient Resource Allocation Algorithm for D2D Communications Based on NOMA

A Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Self-Triplexing Antenna

A Hybrid Energy Harvesting Design for On-Body Internet-of-Things (IoT) Networks.