Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations , 4th edn TM Devlin, ed pp xvii + 1186, illustrated Wiley-Liss, New York, 1997 £2995, hardback

This beautifully illustrated and well-written book, with an impressive array of authors, is aimed at both undergraduate and postgraduate level As the editor states in the preface, it is not intended to be a compendium of biochemistry but rather emphasises the biochemistry of mammalian cells The first 22 chapters cover …

Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations

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Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals

Caprine and ovine brucellosis, caused by the zoonotic bacterium Brucella melitensis, is an economically important cause of abortion in small ruminants. This infection causes significant losses from decreased productivity and lost trade in much of the developing world. B. melitensis is considered to be a re-emerging pathogen in the Middle East. It has been eradicated from some nations, but the cost of surveillance to remain B. melitensis-free is significant. B. melitensis is also an important human pathogen. In humans, brucellosis is a serious, debilitating and sometimes chronic disease that can affect a variety of organs. Most cases are the result of occupational exposure to infected animals, but infections can also occur from ingesting contaminated dairy products. In addition, B. melitensis could be used in a bioterrorist attack.

Brucella Melitensisの胆汁反応(辺野喜)に関する研究

Description: Be ready to confidently face common and not-so-common canine and feline disorders with Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline, Fifth Edition. The most trusted and well-known quick reference available to veterinarians, the updated Fifth Edition continues to provide swift, authoritative answers to every question concerning canine and feline health. More than 300 top specialists provide complete coverage of 838 specific disorders, with dozens of new topics and existing topics thoroughly revised to include the latest research. Arranged alphabetically from A-Z for efficient searching, each topic covers clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The customizable Client Handouts, which have been fully updated and redesigned with an attractive color design, are now available online, along with an image and video bank. Whether you're a student or a practicing veterinarian, this bestselling reference book will cut down on time spent navigating through other resources, allowing you to study, diagnose and treat more quickly.

Blackwell’s Five-minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline

Animal welfare science is a young and thriving field. Over the last two decades, the output of scientific publications on welfare has increased by c. 10-15% annually (tripling as a proportion of all science papers logged by ISI’s Web of Science), with just under half the c. 8500 total being published in the last 4 years. These papers span an incredible 500+ journals, but around three quarters have been in 80 animal science, veterinary, ethology, conservation and specialized welfare publications, and nearly 25% are published in just two: Animal Welfare and Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Farmed animals – especially mammals – have attracted by far the most research. This broadly reflects the vastness of their populations and the degree of public concern they elicit; poultry, however, are under-studied, and farmed fish ever more so: fish have only recently attracted welfare research, and are by far the least studied of all agricultural species, perhaps because of ongoing doubts about their sentience. We predict this farm animal focus will continue in the future, but embracing more farmed fish, reptiles and invertebrates, and placing its findings within broader international contexts such as environmental and food security concerns. Laboratory animals have been consistently well studied, with a shift in recent years away from primates and towards rodents. Pets, the second largest animal sector after farmed animals, have in contrast been little studied considering their huge populations (cats being especially overlooked): we anticipate research on them increasing in the future. Captive wild animals, especially mammals, have attracted a consistent level of welfare research over the last two decades. Given the many thousands of diverse species kept by zoos, this must, and we predict will, increase. Future challenges and opportunities including refining the use of preference tests, stereotypic behaviour, corticosteroid outputs and putative indicators of positive affect, to enable more valid conclusions about welfare; investigating the evolution and functions of affective states; and last but not least, identifying which taxonomic groups and stages of development are actually sentient and so worthy of welfare concern.

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Animal Welfare Science: Recent Publication Trends and Future Research Priorities - eScholarship

This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.

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Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Animals play many important roles in humans’ lives. They are a source of food, companionship and wealth. Increasing global demand for food has resulted in the intensification of livestock production. Intensive production systems are aimed at maximising profits by rearing more animals on smaller pieces of land in order to produce more food. The other systems of animal production are semi-intensive and extensive production systems. Of the three systems, the semi-intensive system offers the best option for enhancing animal welfare in all species. Animal welfare can be defined in many ways depending on people’s views of animals. The underlying theme of animal welfare is to enhance physical and mental health of animals. Despite improvements in livestock farming techniques over the years, the welfare of farm animals remains a major concern. The major welfare concerns in the livestock industry relate to the rearing and management of dairy calves; the rearing of sows in gestation and farrowing crates; the housing of layer chickens in battery cages and the restriction of feed in broiler parent stock. Good animal husbandry is a basis for promoting the welfare of animals.

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Animal Welfare Considerations in Food-Producing Animals

The main objective of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of brucellosis on a dairy farm with no past history of abortions, but where Brucella control measures including test and slaughter and vaccination of heifers at 4–8 months of age was practiced. Secondary data from 2011 to 2014 obtained from the Epidemiology Section of the Directorate of Veterinary Services was used. Mandatory annual brucellosis testing results for mature dairy cows on a dairy farm for the period 2011–2014 were collated and analyzed. Results of a total of 6912 cows were analysed. The data comprised of the year of testing, number of cows tested for Brucella antibodies and the number of cows that tested positive. Serological testing was carried out using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) as a screening test and the Complement Fixation Test as a confirmatory test for results that tested positive on the RBPT. Over the 4-year period, one dairy cow tested positive for Brucella antibodies in 2013 giving an apparent prevalence of 0.05% and an overall prevalence of 0.01%. When apparent prevalence was adjusted for RBPT test specificity and sensitivity of 71 and 78% respectively, true prevalence was determined to be zero.

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Serological prevalence and public health significance of brucellosis on a dairy farm in Namibia from 2011 to 2014

A survey of the management of mixed farming of cattle and antelope and use of anthelmintics was conducted on eleven farms between August and December 1999 by a self-administered questionnaire. Seventeen antelope species ranging from grey duikers ( Sylvicapra grimmia ) to eland ( Taurotragus oryx ) occurred on the farms. Impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) was the most abundant antelope on the farms. Seventy-five per cent of the antelope species on the farms were grazers and mixed feeders and shared grazing with cattle. Most farmers (n =8) did not consider the stocking density for cattle and antelope as an important management factor. Fifty-four per cent of the farmers (n = 6) routinely dewormed both cattle and antelopes. Albendazole and fenbendazole were the most commonly used drugs for deworming cattle (72.7 %) and antelope species (54.5 %). The deworming of antelope was carried out during the dry season, using albendazole-, fenbendazole-and rafoxanide-medicated supplementary feed blocks. Doramectin injections were given to antelopes on two farms. Cattle were dewormed preventively and according to the general body condition of the animal. Few farmers (n = 4) followed the recommended deworming programme for cattle in Zimbabwe and only one farmer followed a specified dosing programme for game. However, results from the survey on the deworming of game indicate that farmers perceived helminth infections in antelope to be important.

https://www.jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/article/download/559/535

A questionnaire survey of the management and use of anthelmintics in cattle and antelope in mixed farming systems in Zimbabwe.

There are limited studies on red offal condemnations and their financial implications at high throughput abattoirs in Namibia. Causes of condemnation, temporal distributions and financial losses associated with red offal condemnations at a beef abattoir in Namibia from 2016 to 2018 were determined. A total of 39157 red offal valued at N$6 422 586.00 (US$364 805) were condemned following the slaughter of 251697 cattle. Condemnations were dependent on the year [X 2 (14) = 587.13, p<0.001], month [X 2 (77) = 1898.72, p<0.001] and season [X 2 (7) = 111.12, p<0.001] of study. Overall, 2016 had the most and 2018 the least condemnation of red offal (38.73% and 23.22%, respectively; p<0.05). Most red offal condemnations (13.34%, p<0.001) occurred in June, with livers and lungs as the most condemned organs (54.32% and 29.88%, respectively; p<0.001). The highest condemnations were caused by miscellaneous causes (such as abscesses and hematomas) followed, in descending order, by inflammatory, parasitic and bacterial causes and contaminations (38.3%, 29.4%, 16.6% and 15.8%, respectively, p<0.05). Liver condemnations varied with the year and season under study [X 2 (20) = 1834.02, p<0.001 and X 2 (9) = 1010.43, p<0.001; respectively], as were lung condemnations according to pathological condition [X 2 (12) = 492.43, p<0.001 and X 2 (6) = 45.84, p<0.001; respectively]. The occurrence of hydatidosis in the summer and pneumonia in winter were greater than expected (15.1% and 4.3%; respectively, p<0.05). A substantial loss of revenue to the abattoir due to the condemnation of livers and lungs was determined. Meat inspection served as a control point for hydatidosis.

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Oscar Madzingira

Papers

Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Animal Welfare Considerations in Food-Producing Animals

Serological prevalence and public health significance of brucellosis on a dairy farm in Namibia from 2011 to 2014

A questionnaire survey of the management and use of anthelmintics in cattle and antelope in mixed farming systems in Zimbabwe.

Causes, dynamics and financial losses associated with red offal condemnation at a beef abattoir in Namibia