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Showing papers by "Otto Schmut published in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data indicate that the mtDNA haplogroup T is associated with CAD and diabetic retinopathy in Middle European Caucasian populations.
Abstract: There is strong and consistent evidence that oxidative stress is crucially involved in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria is an unifying mechanism that underlies micro- and macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Given the central role of mitochondria in energy and ROS production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an obvious candidate for genetic susceptibility studies on atherosclerotic processes. We therefore examined the association between mtDNA haplogroups and coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as diabetic retinopathy. This study of Middle European Caucasians included patients with angiographically documented CAD (n = 487), subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with (n = 149) or without (n = 78) diabetic retinopathy and control subjects without clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease (n = 1527). MtDNA haplotyping was performed using multiplex PCR and subsequent multiplex primer extension analysis for determination of the major European haplogroups. Haplogroup frequencies of patients were compared to those of control subjects without clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease. Haplogroup T was significantly more prevalent among patients with CAD than among control subjects (14.8% vs 8.3%; p = 0.002). In patients with type 2 diabetes, the presence of diabetic retinopathy was also significantly associated with a higher prevalence of haplogroup T (12.1% vs 5.1%; p = 0.046). Our data indicate that the mtDNA haplogroup T is associated with CAD and diabetic retinopathy in Middle European Caucasian populations.

98 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The data suggest that these polymorphisms themselves are unlikely major risk factors for BRVO, as none of the investigated gene variants was significantly more prevalent in BRVO patients than among control subjects.
Abstract: Purpose: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common vision-threatening disease. Compression of the underlying retinal vein due to increased rigidity of the crossing artery has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BRVO. Among others, arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, both of which contribute to atherogenesis, have been identified as risk factors. Atherosclerosis itself is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease with a distinct pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern. In addition to their role in atherogenesis, some cytokines have been shown to exert procoagulatory effects, and may thus contribute to the development of BRVO by a second mechanism. Gene polymorphisms affecting the expression of inflammation-related cytokines are therefore candidates as potential risk factors for BRVO. The purpose of the present study was to investigate hypothesized associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the presence of BRVO. Methods: The study comprised 398 patients with BRVO and 355 control subjects. Using 5′exonuclease assays (TaqMan), genotypes of the following functional single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined: interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) −511C>T, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) 1018T>C, interleukin 4 (IL4) −584C>T, interleukin 6 (IL6) −174G>C, interleukin 8 (IL8) −251A>T, interleukin 10 (IL10) −592C>A, interleukin 18 (IL18) 183A>G, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) −308G>A, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) −2518A>G, and RANTES (CCL5) −403G>A. Results: Neither genotype distributions nor allele frequencies of any of the investigated polymorphisms differed significantly between BRVO patients and controls (p>0.05). Arterial hypertension was found to be significantly more prevalent in BRVO patients than in controls (p<0.001). In a logistic regression analysis presence of arterial hypertension was associated with an odds ratio of 3.33 (95% confidence interval: 2.42–4.57) for BRVO. Conclusions: As none of the investigated gene variants was significantly more prevalent in BRVO patients than among control subjects, our data suggest that these polymorphisms themselves are unlikely major risk factors for BRVO.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this investigation was to assess and compare levels of uric acid in human tear fluid, aqueous humour and serum in cataract patients in order to obtain information about uric Acid‐dependent antioxidative status.
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to assess and compare levels of uric acid in human tear fluid, aqueous humour and serum in cataract patients in order to obtain information about uric acid-dependent antioxidative status. Methods: Reflex tear fluid, aqueous humour and serum were obtained from 103 cataract patients (52 women, 51 men). Uric acid was determined by a reversed phase chromatographic method with electrochemical detection. The Randox test was used to measure the contribution of uric acid to the total antioxidative status (TAS) of these body fluids. Results: Mean concentrations of uric acid were 20 ± 8 lg ⁄ ml in tear fluid, 18 ± 6 lg ⁄ ml in aqueous humour and 58 ± 15 lg ⁄ ml in serum. Significantly less uric acid was found in tear fluid (p < 0.01) and aqueous humour (p < 0.01) in female cataract patients compared with male cataract patients. There was a significant positive correlation between uric acid content in tear fluid, aqueous humour and serum, respectively (p < 0.01). The contribution of uric acid to TAS (Randox test) amounted to 38% in tear fluid, 10% in aqueous humour and 37% in serum. Conclusions: Uric acid was found in comparable amounts in tear fluid and aqueous humour, but these were two- to threefold lower than in serum. Female cataract patients had lower uric acid values in tear fluid and aqueous humour compared with male cataract patients. Uric acid is an important antioxidant, as proven by its contribution to TAS as determined by the Randox test. The precise role of uric acid in the antioxidative reactions in tear fluid and aqueous humour is still under debate.

25 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Investigating a hypothesized association between two common functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene and the presence of XFG in a Caucasian population of Caucasian descent suggests that both of these polymorphisms are unlikely to be major risk factors for XFG.
Abstract: Purpose: TNF-α has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). The purpose of the present study was to investigate a hypothesized association between two common functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene (TNF-α –308 G>A, rs1800629, and TNF-α –238 G>A, rs361525) and the presence of XFG in a Caucasian population. Methods: The present case-control study comprised 408 participants (204 patients with XFG and 204 control subjects). Control subjects were matched for age and sex. Genotypes of the TNF-α –308 G>A and TNF-α –238 G>A polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (restriction fragment length polymorphism). Results: No significant differences regarding genotype distribution or allelic frequencies were found between patients and control subjects (p>0.025). The presence of the TNF-α –308 G-allele was associated with an insignificant odds ratio of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–1.46; p=0.99) while the presence of the TNF-α –238 G-allele was associated with an insignificant odds ratio of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.33–1.23; p=0.25). Conclusions: Our data suggest that both the TNF-α –308 G>A and the TNF-α –238 G>A polymorphisms are unlikely to be major risk factors for XFG in an European population of Caucasian descent.

23 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The data suggest that none of the investigated PEDF polymorphisms is likely a major risk factor for exudative AMD in a white European population.
Abstract: Purpose Exudative age-related macular degeneration (exudative AMD) is a common vision-threatening disease, with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its development. Recently, homozygosity for the 72Met variant of the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) Met72Thr gene polymorphism (rs1136287) was identified as a novel risk factor for exudative AMD in Chinese patients from Taiwan. The role of this polymorphism, however, has not yet been determined in a white European population. In addition, two other PEDF gene polymorphisms, −5736T>C (rs12150053) and −5304C>T (rs12948385), have been associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy, but have not yet been studied among patients with exudative AMD. The purpose of the present study was thus to investigate a hypothesized association between these PEDF polymorphisms and the presence of exudative AMD in a white European population.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two biochemische Analytikerinnen in den Laboratorien der Universitats-Augenklinik, Medizinische Universitat Graz, regelmasig Birkenpollen (Betula pendula).
Abstract: EINLEITUNG: Im Rahmen verschiedener Studien praparieren Biochemische Analytikerinnen in den Laboratorien der Universitats-Augenklinik, Medizinische Universitat Graz, regelmasig Birkenpollen (Betula pendula). Birkenpollen zahlen bekanntermasen zur Gruppe besonders aggressiver Pollen. Noch einige Stunden nach der Pollenexposition klagen die Analytikerinnen uber Trockenheits- und Fremdkorpergefuhl an der Augenoberflache und in der Nase. Wir untersuchten die Verweildauer von Pollen an der Augenoberflache in-vivo. METHODE: Zwei biochemische Analytikerinnen praparierten Birkenpollen in unserem Labor. Bei einer Arbeitsentfernung von ungefahr 40 cm isolierte jede von ihnen 50 mg Pollen fur 30 Minuten. Die getrockneten mannlichen Blutenstande, welche Pollen enthalten, wurden getrennt, gesiebt und bei Raumtemperatur (20° C) entleert. Direkt danach, 10 Minuten spater und nach 3 und 5 Stunden wurde ein Bindehautabstrich im Bereich des medialen unteren Fornix mit Hilfe einer Plastikose abgenommen und auf einen Objekttrager aufgebracht. Anschliesend wurden diese lichtmikroskopisch untersucht. Nach dem ersten Abstrich wurde eines der Augen jeder Analytikerin 4-mal mit 0,25% Na-Hyaluronat gespult. ERGEBNISSE: Direkt nach der Pollenexposition konnten in den Bindehautabstrichen aller Augen Pollen gefunden werden. In den Abstrichen der ungespulten Augen konnte nach 10 Minuten, 3 und 5 Stunden immer noch die Anwesenheit von Pollen bestatigt werden. Die Abstriche der gespulten Augen hingegen zeigten schon nach 10 Minuten eine deutliche Reduktion. Eine Abnahme der Pollenzahl mit zunehmendem Abstand zur Pollenexposition konnte bei allen Augen beobachtet werden. Die Analytikerinnen klagten noch fur mehrere Stunden uber Trockenheits- und Fremdkorpergefuhl vor allem an der Augenoberflache der ungespulten Augen und in der Nase. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Aktuelle Studien haben gezeigt, dass Pollen neben ihrem allergenen Potential, den Tranenfilm und die Augenoberflache auch uber eine Proteasereaktion schadigen und damit eine saisonale nicht-allergische Konjunktivitis (SNAK) auslosen konnen. Unsere Beobachtungen bestatigen, dass die Verweildauer von Pollen an der Augenoberflache ausreichend ist, um eine solche Reaktion auszulosen.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new zusatzliche Therapiemoglichkeit des Keratokonus stellt die photooxidative quervernetzung von Hornhautkollagen durch Riboflavin and UV-A-Licht dar.
Abstract: Eine neue zusatzliche Therapiemoglichkeit des Keratokonus stellt die photooxidative Quervernetzung von Hornhautkollagen durch Riboflavin und UV-A-Licht dar. Weltweit unterliegt diese Methode zur Zeit der klinischen Uberprufung, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf moglicherweise auftretende Spatkomplikationen gelegt wird. In dieser Studie bestatigen wir die Vernetzung der Kollagenmolekule mit dem Nachweis, dass durch die Bestrahlung nach Riboflavin-Zusatz aus Losungen von Hornhautkollagen stabile Gele entstehen. Jedoch wird das in der Hornhaut vorkommende Hyaluronatmolekul durch die Bestrahlung mit UV-A-Licht unter Riboflavinzusatz zu kleinen Fragmenten abgebaut, wie durch Viskosimetrie nachgewiesen wurde. Mittels Polyacrylamidgel-Elektrophorese kann gezeigt werden, dass auch Proteine der Tranenflussigkeit durch diese Methode zerstort werden. Unsere Ergebnisse konnten die gelegentlich auftretenden Trubungen und die Blendungsempfindlichkeit der Patienten nach der photooxidativen Vernetzungstherapie des Keratokonus erklaren.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors' data provide further evidence that in addition to other complement gene polymorphisms the C3 102Gly variant is associated with exudative AMD in an Austrian population.
Abstract: HINTERGRUND: Fruhere Studien konnten zeigen, dass Genpolymorphismen von Proteinen der Komplementkaskade wie CFH Tyr402His (rs1061170) oder CFB Leu9His (rs4151667) mit dem Auftreten einer exsudativen altersabhangigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) assoziiert sind. Studien in britischen und nordamerikanischen Populationen identifizierten den C3 Arg102Gly (rs2230199) Polymorphismus als neuen Risikofaktor fur die exsudative AMD. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Bedeutung dieses Polymorphismus in einer osterreichischen Population mit exsudativer AMD zu untersuchen. METHODE: Genotypen der C3 Arg102Gly, CFB Leu9His, C2 IVS10C>T und CFH Tyr402His Polymorphismen wurden bei 269 Patienten mit exsudativer AMD und 155 Kontrollprobanden bestimmt. ERGEBNISSE: Trager des C3 102Gly Allels waren signifikant haufiger in der Gruppe mit exsudativer AMD verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe zu finden (p = 0,001). In einer univariaten Analyse zeigten heterozygote Trager des C3 102Gly Allels eine Odds Ratio von 1,71 (95% Konfidenzintervall: 1,13–2,60) fur die exsudative AMD, wahrend eine Odds Ratio von 3,76 (95% Konfidenzintervall: 1,25–11,34) fur Trager des homozygoten C3 102Gly/Gly Genotyps errechnet wurde. In einer multivariaten Regressionsanalyse, die auch die Genotypen der CFH Tyr402His, CFB Leu9His und C2 IVS10C>T Polymorphismen berucksichtigte, blieben sowohl der heterozygote als auch der homozygote Genotyp des C3 Arg102Gly Polymorphismus signifikant mit der exsudativen AMD assoziiert. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Unsere Daten lassen darauf schliesen, dass in der untersuchten Population der C3 Arg102Gly Genpolymorphismus ein wesentlicher Risikofaktor fur die exsudative AMD ist.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cell damage by pollen proteases is an approach to explain conjunctival irritation in proven non-allergic persons during the pollen season.
Abstract: Purpose During pollen-seasons allergy-like symptoms can also be observed in proven non allergy sufferers Pollen proteases are thought to be responsible for consecutive conjunctival irritation We investigated the influence of a well known aggressive pollen species, birch pollen (Betula pendula) on human conjunctival cell cultures This study is an approach to SNAC (seasonal non allergic conjunctivitis) syndrome Methods Human cultivated conjunctival cells, so called CHANG-cells, were incubated with extracts of birch pollen Zymography was carried out in order to investigate the proteolytic activity of the pollen Cytomorphological changes were analysed using the CASY1 Cell Counter Via MTS-assay the cell viability was quantified The viability of the cells, which were incubated with pollen extract, was compared to the viability of the control cells and the results were statistically evaluated Results Depending on the pollen extract concentration and the incubation period, the treatment of CHANG-cells with pollen extract of birch induced a highly significant decrease of the cell viability Conclusion Cell damage by pollen proteases is an approach to explain conjunctival irritation in proven non-allergic persons during the pollen season A reason why not all persons are affected by the SNAC syndrome at the same extent, could be differences in the concentrations of antiproteases present on the ocular surface

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: HINTERGRUND: Es wird vermutet, dass die endotheliale Dysfunktion bei der Pathogenese des Primaren Offenwinkelglaukoms (POWG) eine bedeutende Rolle spielt. Stickstoffmonoxid (NO), welches mittels Stickstoffmonoxidsynthase (NOS) aus L-Arginin synthetisiert wird, ist die wichtigste endotheliale vasodilatatorisch wirksame Substanz. Asymmetrisches Dimethylarginin (ADMA), ein endogener NOS Inhibitor, fuhrt zu herabgesetzter Bioverfugbarkeit von NO, wahrend Homocystein eine Erhohung des ADMA Plasmaspiegels bewirkt. Des weiteren besitzt Homocystein neurotoxische und gliotoxische Wirkungen. Es erscheint daher plausibel, dass sowohl ADMA als auch Homocystein eine Bedeutung als mogliche Risikofaktoren fur das POWG haben konnten. METHODEN: Unsere Studie umfasst 44 Patienten mit POWG und 44 geschlechts- und altersgematchte Kontrollprobanden. Der Plasmaspiegel von ADMA und Homocystein wurden mittels Chromatographen (HPLC) bestimmt. ERGEBNISSE: Es zeigte sich weder in Bezug auf den mittleren ADMA- noch auf den mittleren Homocysteinplasmaspiegel ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Patienten mit POWG und Kontrollprobanden (mittlerer ADMA-Plasmaspiegel: 0,75 ± 0,09 µmol/l versus 0,72 ± 0,09 µmol; p = 0,10; mittlerer Plasmahomocysteinspiegel: 14,6 ± 5,1 µmol/l versus 12,9 ± 3,7 µmol/l; p = 0,21). SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: In der vorliegenden Studie konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied in den mittleren ADMA-beziehungsweise Homocysteinplasmaspiegeln gefunden werden. Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen dafur, dass weder ADMA- noch Homocysteinplasmakonzentrationen mit dem Risiko fur POWG assoziiert sind.