Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds

Review of cocoa butter and alternative fats for use in chocolate-Part A. Compositional data

With respect to their browning potential and in consideration of a combined recovery of pectin and phenolic compounds, peels of 14 cultivars and the flesh of nine cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits were analyzed for their contents of flavonol O- and xanthone C-glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)−diode array detection−electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). While total amounts of up to 4860 mg/kg dry matter demonstrated the peels to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, only traces could be detected in the flesh. The profile of flavonol glycosides of the peels proved to be highly characteristic and may therefore serve as a tool for authenticity control of mango puree concentrate, which is often produced from unpeeled fruits and represents an important intermediate for the production of mango nectars. Two compounds were isolated by preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of ESI-MS as well as NMR spectroscopy, establishing the two...

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Screening of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars for Their Contents of Flavonol O- and Xanthone C-Glycosides, Anthocyanins, and Pectin

Occurrence and Characteristics of Oils and Fats

Biomass residues or wastes generated in the agricultural sector represent a source of potentially sustainable feedstock for bio-refineries. The strategy toward such a bio-based economy will only succeed if enough biomass and adequate qualities can be provided not only to produce bioenergy but also to fulfil the food security and health requirements of the growing population. In India, the majority of the biomass generated come from agriculture sector. It is therefore important to have a reliable estimate of the biomass, biowaste and agro-residue generated to define policies for their valorization as well as identifying technologies which could be used for such purpose. Herein we present an assessment of the amounts and availability of biomass residues/wastes generated in the Indian agriculture sector for organized use as a biorefinery feedstock, for data collected up to the year 2010. A compilation of some relevant physicochemical characteristics of the residues is also included.

Agriculture biomass in India: Part 1. Estimation and characterization

Wide variations were found in the content, characteristics and composition of seed and fat of 43 varieties of mango (Mangifera indica) fruit. The seed in fruit amounted to 3–25% and kernel in seed 54–85% on an as-is basis. The contents of fat, protein and ash in kernel ranged 3.7–12.6, 4.0–8.1 and 1.0–3.7 (% on dry basis), respectively. Acid value of fat varied from 2.1 to 8.8 and unsaponifiables from 1.0 to 5.3%. The ranges for fatty acids, as determined by gas chromatography, were: 16:0, 3–18; 17:0, traces-2.0; 18:0, 24–57; 18:1, 34–56; 18:2, 1–13 and 20:0, traces-4 (area %).

P. A. Ramalingaswamy

Papers

Varietal variations in content, characteristics and composition of mango seeds and fat