Nanoparticle biosynthetic discipline is still under development and is known to have a big impact on numerous manufactures for a long time. Nowadays, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had gained so much attention in developed countries due to development demand of environmental friendly technology for material synthesis. The use of green chemistry is environmental friendly, non-toxic, and cheap. This review focused on the recent scientific publications in the green synthesis field of AgNPs and its applications. A number of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, and plants either intra- or extracellular have been found to be capable of synthesizing AgNPs. All scientific reports reflect the unique properties AgNPs possess that find myriad applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, antivirus, and anticancer drugs, larvicidal excellent catalytic natural action towards degradation of dyes, very good antioxidants, treatment of diabetes-related complications, and wound healing activities. The recent strategy for improving the efficacy of antibiotics is to combine them with AgNPs in order to control the microbial infections as confirmed by the damage action of AgNPs on microbial deoxyribonucleic acid. This review describes also the microorganism/plant extract and the reaction parameters used in synthesis of the AgNPs, which hold prominent impact on their size, shape, and application. Recently published information on AgNP synthesis and its applications are summarized in this review.

Recent Advances in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications: About Future Directions. A Review

Synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using seaweed Padina gymnospora and their catalytic activity as PVP/PtNPs nanocomposite towards biological applications

In this work, we report the fabrication of green fluorescent reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGOQDs) from the latex of Calotropis gigantea by simple one-step microwave assisted greener route. The latex of Calotropis gigantea calcined at 300°C and its ethanolic extract is used for the synthesis of QDs, The rGOQDs showed particle size ranging from 2 to 8nm and it exhibited green fluorescent in longer UV region at 360-520nm. The rGOQDs graphitic nature was confirmed by RAMAN and XRD analysis. The FTIR, XPS demonstrate that presence of functional groups such as CO, COC, -OH, hence it's addressing them as rGOQDs. It is used to design the greener and economically adopted fluorescent probe for the detection of Pb2+ ions. It provides simple and appropriate for the selective and sensitive detection of Pb2+ ions in water purification process. It also trapped the free radicals and neutralized that and act as an excellent radical scavenger in DPPH radical scavenging assessment. These rGOQDs showed excellent biocompatibility on brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina) up to 160μg/mL for 24h incubation. Furthermore, rGOQDS were demonstrated as fluorescent bioimaging probe selectively in the inner digestion part of Artemia salina. In summary, stable, economically viable, highly biocompatible, greener method based rGOQDs were prepared for heavy metal ion detecting, radical scavenging, bioimaging applications which can play a vital role in the future nanotechnology-based biomedical field.

Photoluminescent reduced graphene oxide quantum dots from latex of Calotropis gigantea for metal sensing, radical scavenging, cytotoxicity, and bioimaging in Artemia salina: A greener route.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely utilised in the industry and health care. This review demonstrates an exhaustive report on the toxicity of AgNPs towards pathogenic microbes. AgNPs are the most abundant antimicrobial agent for bacteria than other species and less harmful to human cells than to bacterial cells. This report suggests the relatively high acute toxicity of AgNPs to the microorganism. In addition, the toxicity mechanism of AgNPs is briefly discussed.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mnl.2017.0648

Antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their mechanism – a mini review

Current trends in the application of nanomaterials are emerging in the nano-biotechnological sector for development of medicines. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes that have applications to human health and numerous biological activities as dietary supplements. Cyanobacteria produce biologically active and chemically diverse compounds such as cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, fatty acid amides, alkaloids, and saccharides. More than 50% of marine cyanobacteria are potentially exploitable for the extraction of bioactive substances, which are effective in killing cancer cells by inducing apoptotic death. The current review emphasizes that not even 10% of microalgal bioactive components have reached commercialized platforms due to difficulties related to solubility. Considering these factors, they should be considered as a potential source of natural products for drug discovery and drug delivery approaches. Nanoformulations employing a wide variety of nanoparticles and their polymerized forms could be an emerging approach to the development of new cancer drugs. This review highlights recent research on microalgae-based medicines or compounds as well as their biomedical applications. This review further discusses the facts, limitations, and commercial market trends related to the use of microalgae for industrial and medicinal purposes.

P.K. Dhanalakshmi

Papers

Synthesis of stable nanosilver particles (AgNPs) by the proteins of seagrass Syringodium isoetifolium and its biomedicinal properties.