The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Economics of Information

A survey of maintenance policies of deteriorating systems

Technical foundations introduction software reliability and system reliability the operational profile software reliability modelling survey model evaluation and recalibration techniques practices and experiences best current practice of SRE software reliability measurement experience measurement-based analysis of software reliability software fault and failure classification techniques trend analysis in validation and maintenance software reliability and field data analysis software reliability process assessment emerging techniques software reliability prediction metrics software reliability and testing fault-tolerant SRE software reliability using fault trees software reliability process simulation neural networks and software reliability. Appendices: software reliability tools software failure data set repository.

/pdf/handbook-of-software-reliability-engineering-32dwvaljmm.pdf

Handbook of software reliability engineering

Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems

Metrics and Models in Software Quality Engineering

Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications is a comprehensive guide to software reliability measurement, prediction, and control. It provides a thorough understanding of the field and gives solutions to the decision-making problems that concern software developers, engineers, practitioners, scientists, and researchers. Using operations research techniques, readers will learn how to solve problems under constraints such as cost, budget and schedules to achieve the highest possible quality level.Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications is a comprehensive text on software engineering and applied statistics, state-of-the art software reliability modeling, techniques and methods for reliability assessment, and related optimization problems. It addresses various topics, including:unification methodologies in software reliability assessment;application of neural networks to software reliability assessment;software reliability growth modeling using stochastic differential equations;software release time and resource allocation problems; andoptimum component selection and reliability analysis for fault tolerant systems.Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications is designed to cater to the needs of software engineering practitioners, developers, security or risk managers, and statisticians. It can also be used as a textbook for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses in software reliability, industrial engineering, and operations research and management.

Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications

Preliminary concepts and background replacement policies with minimal repairs problems with applications to computing systems software reliability growth models based on NHPP release policies numerical computations in renewal and reliability theory.

Contributions to Hardware and Software Reliability

The authors develop a software reliability growth model based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process, under the assumption that the detection of these errors can also cause the detection of some of the remaining errors without these errors causing any failure. Using the expected number of errors thus detected, the authors obtain the mean value function describing the failure phenomenon. Parameters of the model are estimated, and the applicability of the model is illustrated. The authors discuss the optimal release policy for such a software reliability growth model based on the cost-reliability criterion. Predictive validity of the model is discussed, and numerical results are also presented.

A software reliability growth model for an error-removal phenomenon

In this paper, we propose two general frameworks for deriving several software reliability growth models based on a non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) in the presence of imperfect debugging and error generation. The proposed models are initially formulated for the case when there is no differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes, and then extended for the case when there is a clear differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes. During the last three decades, many software reliability growth models (SRGM) have been developed to describe software failures as a random process, and can be used to evaluate development status during testing. With SRGM, software engineers can easily measure (or forecast) the software reliability (or quality), and plot software reliability growth charts. It is not easy to select the best model from a plethora of models available. There are few SRGM in the literature of software engineering that differentiates between failure observation and fault removal processes. In real software development environments, the number of failures observed need not be the same as the number of faults removed. Due to the complexity of software systems, and an incomplete understanding of software, the testing team may not be able to remove the fault perfectly on observation of a failure, and the original fault may remain, resulting in a phenomenon known as imperfect debugging, or get replaced by another fault causing error generation. In the case of imperfect debugging, the fault content of the software remains the same; while in the case of error generation, the fault content increases as the testing progresses. Removal of observed faults may result in the introduction of new faults.

A Unified Approach for Developing Software Reliability Growth Models in the Presence of Imperfect Debugging and Error Generation

Long-lived software systems evolve through new product releases, which involve up-gradation of previous released versions of the software in the market. But, upgrades in software lead to an increase in the fault content. Thus, for modeling the reliability growth of software with multiple releases, we must consider the failures of the upcoming upgraded release, and the failures that were not debugged in the previous release. Based on this idea, this paper proposes a mathematical modeling framework for multiple releases of software products. The proposed model takes into consideration the combined effect of schedule pressure and resource limitations using a Cobb Douglas production function in modeling the failure process using a software reliability growth model. The model developed is validated on a four release failure data set. Another major concern for the software development firms is to plan the release of the upgraded version. When different versions of the software are to be released, then the firm plans the release on the basis of testing progress of the new code, as well as the bugs reported during the operational phase of the previous version. In this paper, we formulate an optimal release planning problem which minimizes the cost of testing of the release that is to be brought into market under the constraint of removing a desired proportion of faults from the current release. The problem is illustrated using a numerical example, and is solved using a genetic algorithm.

P. K. Kapur

Papers

Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications

Contributions to Hardware and Software Reliability

A software reliability growth model for an error-removal phenomenon

A Unified Approach for Developing Software Reliability Growth Models in the Presence of Imperfect Debugging and Error Generation

Two Dimensional Multi-Release Software Reliability Modeling and Optimal Release Planning