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Materials Science Forum

The term microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is used to designate corrosion due to the presence and activities of microorganisms, ie, those organisms that cannot be seen individually with the unaided human eye, including microalgae, archaea, bacteria, and fungi. Microorganisms can accelerate rates of partial reactions in corrosion processes or shift the mechanism for corrosion. Microorganisms can influence pitting, dealloying, enhanced erosion corrosion, enhanced galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and hydrogen embrittlement. Microbiologically influenced corrosion has been reported for all engineering metals and alloys with the exception of predominantly titanium and high chromium–nickel alloys. It has been documented for metals and nonmetals exposed to seawater, freshwater, distilled/demineralized water, crude and distillate hydrocarbon fuels, process chemicals, foodstuffs, soils, human plasma, saliva, and sewage. The following sections describe the estimated costs of MIC, mechanisms, and causative microorganisms contributing to MIC; techniques for diagnosing, measuring, and monitoring; engineering practices that influence MIC and strategies to prevent or mitigate MIC.


Keywords:

corrosion;
MIC;
microbiologically influenced corrosion;
alloys

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

The general term biomineralisation refers to biologically induced mineralisation in which an organism modifies its local microenvironment creating conditions such that there is chemical precipitation of mineral phases extracellularly. Most usually this results from an oxidation or reduction carried out by some microbial species, with the formation of a recognised biomineralised product. These reactions play a major role in microbial physiology and ecology, and are of central importance to such engineering consequences as microbial mining and microbially influenced corrosion. This paper will examine metal microbe interactions, both in naturally occurring microbial ecosystems and in two particular cases of biocorrosion, with the objective of putting forward a unifying hypothesis relevant to the understanding of each of these apparently disparate processes.

http://dzumenvis.nic.in/microbes and metals interaction/pdf/microbially influenced corrosion.pdf

Microbially Influenced Corrosion as a Model System for the Study of Metal Microbe Interactions: A Unifying Electron Transfer Hypothesis

Corrosion is the result of a series of chemical, physical and (micro) biological processes leading to the deterioration of materials such as steel and stone. It is a world-wide problem with great societal and economic consequences. Current corrosion control strategies based on chemically produced products are under increasing pressure of stringent environmental regulations. Furthermore, they are rather inefficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly and sustainable corrosion control strategies. The mechanisms of microbially influenced corrosion and microbially influenced corrosion inhibition are not completely understood, because they cannot be linked to a single biochemical reaction or specific microbial species or groups. Corrosion is influenced by the complex processes of different microorganisms performing different electrochemical reactions and secreting proteins and metabolites that can have secondary effects. Information on the identity and role of microbial communities that are related to corrosion and corrosion inhibition in different materials and in different environments is scarce. As some microorganisms are able to both cause and inhibit corrosion, we pay particular interest to their potential role as corrosion-controlling agents. We show interesting interfaces in which scientists from different disciplines such as microbiology, engineering and art conservation can collaborate to find solutions to the problems caused by corrosion.

/pdf/the-dual-role-of-microbes-in-corrosion-1lxfezvx95.pdf

The dual role of microbes in corrosion

Microbiologically influenced corrosion and current mitigation strategies: A state of the art review

Manganese oxidizing microorganisms are known as ubiquitous species in soil and fresh water Their ability to extract dissolved manganese even at minute concentrations from the water and to biomineralize it as manganese(III/IV)oxides makes them potentially relevant for corrosion processes in technical systems carrying freshwater These oxides are known as strong oxidants and may act as catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction Thus, they are cathodically active, possibly driving anodic metal dissolution processes The personal experiences over two decades from failure analysis related to these organisms have indeed shown that manganese oxidizers may appear in all kinds of freshwater systems This paper summarizes observations and conclusions drawn from these cases and provides an overview on the methods found useful in their investigation

Twenty years of experience with corrosion failures caused by manganese oxidizing microorganisms

Non-destructive techniques for the detection of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel: A comprehensive review

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-80017-7_16.pdf

Failure of Chromium-Nickel Steel in a Hydroelectric Power Plant by Manganese-Oxidizing Bacteria

Case histories and proposed mechanisms formicrobiologically influenced corrosion of metals andalloys by metal depositing microorganisms arereviewed. Mechanisms with indirect participation ofthese microorganisms, usually iron- and manganeseoxidizing species, are distinguished from anothermechanism which accounts specifically for theelectrochemical properties of deposits containingoxides and hydroxides of Mn in higher oxidationstates. The possible influence of such deposits whichwere formed microbiologically is evaluated. Theevaluation is based on the principles ofelectrochemical corrosion of metals and on theelectrochemical properties of Mn3+/4+- compounds.After briefly reviewing the microbiologicalMn-oxidation, experimental evidence for the predictedcorrosion by such deposits is provided and a model formicrobiologically influenced corrosion by manganeseoxidizing microorganisms is proposed for stainlesssteel. Possible consequences of the model andpractical aspects of such a corrosion are discussed.

Corrosion of metals in natural waters influenced by manganese oxidizing microorganisms

Based on the corrosion behaviour of stainless steels in fresh water and on the electrochemical properties of higher manganese oxides, the mechanism “Microbially influenced corrosion by manganese oxidizing microorganisms” (MIC by MOMOs) is presented as the consequence of biomineralized manganese oxides in contact with the metal. Localized corrosion may develop at elevated but normally undercritical chloride concentration in the water. The mechanism was found useful in the analysis of certain cases of unexpected failure of stainless steel in fresh water.

P. Linhardt

Papers

Twenty years of experience with corrosion failures caused by manganese oxidizing microorganisms

Non-destructive techniques for the detection of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel: A comprehensive review

Failure of Chromium-Nickel Steel in a Hydroelectric Power Plant by Manganese-Oxidizing Bacteria

Corrosion of metals in natural waters influenced by manganese oxidizing microorganisms

Microbially influenced corrosion of stainless steel by manganese oxidizing microorganisms