Since the development of the first chemoresistive metal oxide based gas sensors, transducers with innovative properties have been prepared by a variety of wet- and dry-deposition methods. Among these, direct assembly of nanostructured films from the gas phase promises simple fabrication and control and with the appropriate synthesis and deposition methods nm to μm thick films, can be prepared. Dense structures are achieved by tuning chemical or vapor deposition methods whereas particulate films are obtained by deposition of airborne, mono- or polydisperse, aggregated or agglomerated nanoparticles. Innovative materials in non-equilibrium or sub-stoichiometric states are captured by rapid cooling during their synthesis. This Review presents some of the most common chemical and vapor-deposition methods for the synthesis of semiconductor metal oxide based detectors for chemical gas sensors. In addition, the synthesis of highly porous films by novel aerosol methods is discussed. A direct comparison of structural and chemical properties with sensing performance is given.

Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Dry Synthesis and Application

The pulsed laser deposition is a new technique for the growth of thin films,which has been attended generally by people recently The physical principle, unique characteristics and the proceeding of the study were introduced briefly In addation, the result of the PtSi nanometer thin film based on silicon prepared by the pulsed laser deposition was describedPULS

Pulsed laser deposition of thin films

Solar energy systems (SESs) are considered as one of the most important alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, due to its ability to convert solar energy directly into heat and electricity without any negative environmental impact such as greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing nanofluid as a potential heat transfer fluid with superior thermophysical properties is an effective method to enhance the thermal performance of solar energy systems. The purpose of this review paper is the investigation of the recent advances in the nanofluids’ applications in solar energy systems, i.e., solar collectors (SCs), photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, solar thermoelectric devices, solar water heaters, solar-geothermal combined cooling heating and power system (CCHP), evaporative cooling for greenhouses, and water desalination.

Applications of nanofluids in solar energy: A review of recent advances

Solar steam generation through bio-inspired interface heating of broadband-absorbing plasmonic membranes

The complexity of the linkages between ozone depletion, UV-B radiation and climate change has become more apparent.

/pdf/environmental-effects-of-ozone-depletion-and-its-1tz7l47o2c.pdf

Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2011

Thermal conductivity, viscosity and stability of Al2O3-diathermic oil nanofluids for solar energy systems

An overview of innovations introduced in the field of flat solar thermal collectors is presented using information from different literature sources. Despite the large number of publications available about this specific issue, this review is focused on the last ten years period, to underline the actual trend of the scientific and technologic world so far. Bearing in mind this choice, in this study a selection of the most valuable papers has been done, considering different points of view and aspects. Even if this work cannot be considered exhaustive of the complete literature about this field, it can be taken into account as a quick reference to have an overview about new materials, geometries, heat transfer fluids etc., available and tested in the last decade.

Innovation in flat solar thermal collectors: A review of the last ten years experimental results

Experimental test of an innovative high concentration nanofluid solar collector

Tin oxide (SnO 2 ) thin films were grown on Si (1 0 0) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in O 2 gas ambient (10 Pa) and at different substrate temperatures (RT, 150, 300 and 400 °C). The influence of the substrate temperature on the structural and morphological properties of the films was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD measurements showed that the almost amorphous microstructure transformed into a polycrystalline SnO 2 phase. The film deposited at 400 °C has the best crystalline properties, i.e. optimum growth conditions. However, the film grown at 300 °C has minimum average root mean square (RMS) roughness of 3.1 nm with average grain size of 6.958 nm. The thickness of the thin films determined by the ellipsometer data is also presented and discussed.

Effects of deposition temperature on the structural and morphological properties of SnO2 films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

ZnO thin films were grown on Si(1 0 0) substrates using pulsed laser deposition in O 2 gas ambient (10 Pa) and at different substrate temperatures (25, 150, 300 and 400 °C). The influence of the substrate temperature on the structural and morphological properties of the films was investigated using XRD, AFM and SEM. At substrate temperature of T =150 °C, a good quality ZnO film was fabricated that exhibits an average grain size of 15.1 nm with an average RMS roughness of 3.4 nm. The refractive index and the thickness of the thin films determined by the ellipsometry data are also presented and discussed.

P. Miglietta

Papers

Thermal conductivity, viscosity and stability of Al2O3-diathermic oil nanofluids for solar energy systems

Innovation in flat solar thermal collectors: A review of the last ten years experimental results

Experimental test of an innovative high concentration nanofluid solar collector

Effects of deposition temperature on the structural and morphological properties of SnO2 films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

Effects of deposition temperature on the structural and morphological properties of thin ZnO films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition