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Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

“Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”の学習報告

The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory

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An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

This paper studies the performance of glottal flow signal based excitation methods in statistical parametric speech synthesis. The current state of the art in excitationmodeling is reviewed and three excitation methods are selected for experiments. Two of the methods are based on the principal component analysis (PCA) decomposition of estimated glottal flow pulses. While the first one uses only the mean of the pulses, the second method uses 12 principal components in addition to the mean signal for modeling the glottal flow waveform. The third method utilizes a glottal flow pulse library from which pulses are selected according to target and concatenation costs. Subjective listening tests are carried out to determine the quality and similarity of the synthetic speech of one male and one female speaker. The results show that the PCA-based methods are rated best both in quality and similarity, but adding more components does not yield any improvements.

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Comparing glottal-flow-excited statistical parametric speech synthesis methods

Language context and phonetic change detection

The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare two time-domain parameterization methods of the glottal flow waveform on a large intensity range. The first parameter is the classical closing quotient which indicates the portion of a period where the glottis is closing. The second parameter is the normalized amplitude quotient which is defined using the ratio between the maximum flow amplitude and the negative peak amplitude of the differentiated glottal flow. The parameters are shown to be strongly correlated, and the normalized amplitude quotient to be a more accurate, consistent and robust measure than the closing quotient. The subjects, five female and six male, produced sustained phonations on a large intensity range. On this material, the normalized amplitude quotient is shown to vary systematically with sound pressure level, and it reveals information that for the closing quotient is hidden in the local variance.

Time-domain parameterization of the closing phase of glottal airflow waveform from voices over a large intensity range

The purpose of this study was to compare the robustness of the event-related potential (ERP) response, called the mismatch negativity (MMN), when elicited by simple tone stimuli (differing in frequency, duration, or intensity) and speech stimuli (CV nonword contrast /de:/ vs. /ge:/ and CV word contrast /del/ vs. /gel/). The study was conducted using 30 young adult subjects (Groups A and B; n = 15 each). The speech stimuli were presented to Group A at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 610 msec and to Group B at an SOA of 900 msec. The tone stimuli were presented to both groups at an SOA of 610 msec. MMN responses were elicited by the simple tone stimuli (66.7%-96.7% of subjects with MMN "present," or significantly different from zero, p < 0.05) but not the speech stimuli (10% subjects with MMN present for nonwords, 10% for words). The length of the SOA (610 msec or 900 msec) had no effect on the ability to obtain consistent MMN responses to the speech stimuli. The results indicated a lack of robust MMN elicited by speech stimuli with fine acoustic contrasts under carefully controlled methodological conditions. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to conflicting reports in the literature of speech-elicited MMNs, and the importance of appropriate methodological design in MMN studies investigating speech processing in normal and pathological populations.

Processing of English words with fine acoustic contrasts and simple tones: a mismatch negativity study.

Previous non-invasive brain research has reported auditory cortical sensitivity to periodicity as reflected by larger and more anterior responses to periodic than to aperiodic vowels. The current study investigated whether there is a lower fundamental frequency (F0) limit for this effect. Auditory evoked fields (AEFs) elicited by natural-sounding 400ms periodic and aperiodic vowel stimuli were measured with magnetoencephalography. Vowel F0 ranged from normal male speech (113Hz) to exceptionally low values (9Hz). Both the auditory N1m and sustained fields were larger in amplitude for periodic than for aperiodic vowels. The AEF sources for periodic vowels were also anterior to those for the aperiodic vowels. Importantly, the AEF amplitudes and locations were unaffected by the F0 decrement of the periodic vowels. However, the N1m latency increased monotonically as F0 was decreased down to 19Hz, below which this trend broke down. Also, a cascade of transient N1m-like responses was observed in the lowest F0 co...

Paavo Alku

Papers

Comparing glottal-flow-excited statistical parametric speech synthesis methods

Language context and phonetic change detection

Time-domain parameterization of the closing phase of glottal airflow waveform from voices over a large intensity range

Processing of English words with fine acoustic contrasts and simple tones: a mismatch negativity study.

Cortical sensitivity to periodicity of speech sounds.