System Identification I

Organic compounds can interact with clay minerals by i) adsorption at the external surfaces, ii) adsorption at the external and internal surfaces, iii) by exchange of exchangeable ions at the external surfaces, iv) by exchange of exchangeable ions at the external and internal surfaces, and v) by grafting reactions with silanol and aluminol groups leading to covalent bonds. Kaolin minerals intercalate only are a limited number of compounds whereas the reactions of 2:1 clay minerals, in particular smectites and vermiculites, are very manifold. Special attention is given to the interaction with neutral organic molecules such as alcohols, fatty acids, amines, amino acids, aromatic compounds, macrocyclic compounds, and nuclein bases. The interaction with complexes and dyes also provides the basis of advanced applications of clay minerals. Binding of long chain alkylammonium ions is a fundamental reaction for hydrophobising clay mineral particles as needed in many applications. The interaction of clay minerals with polymers including proteins is not only an actual field of research but also of practical importance. Organo-clay minerals are used as effective adsorbents. As these materials also adsorb solvent molecules together with the adsorptive, the adsorption process must be considered as adsorption from binary solution which, therefore, is also described in this chapter.

Clay mineral-organic interactions

A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

In this paper, the design of a nonlinear observer-based fault diagnosis approach for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell air-feed systems is presented, taking into account a fault scenario of sudden air leak in the air supply manifold. Based on a simplified nonlinear model proposed in the literature, a modified super-twisting (ST) sliding mode algorithm is employed to the observer design. The proposed ST observer can estimate not only the system states, but also the fault signal. Then, the residual signal is computed online from comparisons between the oxygen excess ratio obtained from the system model and the observer system, respectively. Equivalent output error injection using the residual signal is able to reconstruct the fault signal, which is critical in both fuel cell control design and fault detection. Finally, the proposed observer-based fault diagnosis approach is implemented on the MATLAB/Simulink environment in order to verify its effectiveness and robustness in the presence of load variation.

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Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for PEM Fuel Cell Air-Feed System

Paola Gallo Stampino

Papers

PEMFC system simulation in MATLAB-Simulink® environment

Novel superhydrophobic microporous layers for enhanced performance and efficient water management in PEM fuel cells

Effect of different substrates, inks composition and rheology on coating deposition of microporous layer (MPL) for PEM-FCs

Enhanced lanthanum adsorption by amine modified activated carbon

Investigation of gas diffusion layer compression by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on running polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells