The Nature of Prejudice

Motor Speech Disorders: Advances in Assessment and Treatment

Overreliance on auditory feedback may lead to sound/syllable repetitions: simulations of stuttering and fluency-inducing conditions with a neural model of speech production.

The authors have limited consideration of motor speech disorders to dysarthrias of neurogenic nature. Aphasias (defined by the authors as problems of processing and symbolic formulation of the language code) are excluded. So are the deviant patterns of speech, such as developmental disorders of articulation and those disorders arising from structural impairments, such as cleft palate. A short but useful review of the basic motor process of speech production and its evaluation by clinical and other techniques is included. A more detailed description of relatively unfamiliar methods, such as palatography and videofluoroscopy would have been desirable. The neurologist will find the chapters on principles of neurologic function and hierarchy of motor organization rather basic. Other specialists may find these useful. On the other hand, many speech pathologists may find the section on motor speech examination somewhat devoid of detail. A disproportionately large space is allotted to the examination of the

Motor Speech Disorders

Research in behavior modification: Edited by L. Krasner and L. D. Ullman. Holt, Rhinehart & Winston, New York, 1965. 403 pp. Indexed

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Speech Rate Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Review of the Literature

Research confirms the long-standing clinical observation that patients with dysarthria exhibit variability in speech rate. Thus, modifying speech rate has been documented as one of the best treatment options for these patients. In this tutorial, several published rate control interventions for dysarthric speakers are presented. Studies discussed utilized various interventions, including pacing boards, alphabet board supplementation, visual and auditory feedback, cueing and pacing strategies, and delayed auditory feedback. Interventions discussed represent a hierarchy from "rigid" strategies, which impose maximal rate control, to techniques allowing for greater speech naturalness and independent rate control. All procedures are examined with respect to effectiveness in reducing rate, effect on intelligibility and prosody, training requirements, specific alterations made to speech rate, and other relevant aspects.

Speech rate treatments for individuals with dysarthria: a tutorial.

The effects of self-generated synchronous and asynchronous visual speech feedback on overt stuttering frequency

Purpose: The present study examined the effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) as a rate control intervention for dysarthric speakers with Parkinson's disease. Adverse reactions to relatively long delay intervals are often observed during clinical use of DAF, and may result from improper "matching" of the delayed signal. To facilitate optimal use of DAF, clinicians may need to provide instruction, modeling, and feedback. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinician instruction on the effectiveness of DAF in treating speech deficits. A related purpose was to compare the effects of different delay intervals on speech behaviors.
 Method: Three males with Parkinson's disease and an associated dysarthria served as participants in this singlesubject study. The A phases consisted of a sentence reading task using DAF; the B phases incorporated clinician instruction. During each of the 16 experimental sessions, speakers read with four different delay intervals (0 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms, and 150 ms). During the B phases, the experimenter provided verbal feedback and modeling pertaining to how precisely the speaker matched the delayed signal. Dependent variables were speech rate, percent intelligible syllables, and percent disfluencies.
 Results: Results indicated that for all three speakers, DAF significantly reduced reading rate and produced significant improvements in either intelligibility (Speaker 3) or fluency (Speakers 1 and 2). A delay interval of 150 ms produced the greatest reductions in reading rates for all speakers, although any DAF setting used was sufficient to produce significant improvements in either intelligibility or fluency. Additionally, supplementing DAF with clinician instruction resulted in significantly enhanced gain achieved with DAF.
 Conclusions: These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of various intervals of DAF in improving speech deficits associated with Parkinson's disease; particularly when patients are provided with instruction, modeling and feedback by the clinician.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/factors-influencing-the-effects-of-delayed-auditory-feedback-on-dysarthric-speech-associated-with-parkinson-s-disease-2375-4427-2-106.pdf

Factors Influencing the Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on DysarthricSpeech Associated with ParkinsonÃ¢ÂÂs Disease

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine university students’ perceptions of an instructor who stutters. Fifty-six undergraduate and 24 graduate students enrolled in speech-language pathology courses evaluated the instructor on a variety of speech-related and personality dimensions. Descriptive statistics for individual survey items, between-groups comparisons, and correlations between pairs of items were calculated. In general, respondents rated the instructor somewhat negatively on several speech skills but positively on most personality characteristics. No statistically significant differences between undergraduate and graduate students’ ratings of the instructor were found. Significant correlations were found between the constructs of intelligence and competence, fluency and ease of listening, and fluency and degree of handicap. Results were consistent with previous studies using an actual person who stutters rather than a hypothetical stutterer. Implications for future research are discussed.

https://pubs.asha.org/doi/pdf/10.1044/cicsd_36_S_26

Paul G. Blanchet

Papers

Speech Rate Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Review of the Literature

Speech rate treatments for individuals with dysarthria: a tutorial.

The effects of self-generated synchronous and asynchronous visual speech feedback on overt stuttering frequency

Factors Influencing the Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on DysarthricSpeech Associated with ParkinsonÃ¢ÂÂs Disease

Undergraduate and Graduate Students' Perceptions of an Instructor Who Stutters