A method is disclosed for generating a network topology representation based on inspection of application messages at a network device. According to one aspect, a network device receives a request packet, routes the packet to the destination, and extracts and stores correlation information from a copy of the request packet. When the network device receives a response packet, it examines the contents of a copy of the response packet using context-based correlation rules and matches the response packet with the appropriate stored request packet correlation information. It analyzes recorded correlation information to determine application-to-application mapping and calculate application response times. Another embodiment inserts custom headers that contain information used to match a response packet with a request packet into request packets.

Method and apparatus for generating a network topology representation based on inspection of application messages at a network device

A fully integrated, programmable mixed-signal transceiver comprising a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) which is frequency and protocol agnostic with digital inputs and outputs, the transceiver being programmable and configurable for multiple radio frequency bands and standards and being capable of connecting to many networks and service providers. The RFIC does not use spiral inductors and instead includes transmission line inductors allowing for improved scalability. Components of the transceiver are programmable to allow the transceiver to switch between different frequency bands of operating. Frequency switching can be accomplished though the content of digital registers coupled to the components.

Programmable radio transceiver

A mobile user apparatus and associated methods useful for conducting payment transactions wirelessly, such as at point-of-sale locations. In one embodiment, the mobile user apparatus is a cellular-enabled mobile device that includes a short-range passive radio frequency transceiver that when interrogated by a reader at the point-of-sale, issues a reply including information relating to an account of the user of the mobile apparatus that is to be debited for the payment. In one variant, the information stored on the mobile device is encrypted for security, and the mobile user apparatus is further configured to receive transaction data wirelessly in return.

Portable computerized wireless payment apparatus and methods

In one or more embodiments taught herein, a multi-band MIMO repeater is configured to translate normal wireless mobile bands into other frequency bands in the physical layer. An advantageous, multi-hop repeater chain includes two or more such repeaters, for propagating downlink signals from a base station, and for propagating uplink signals to the base station. Each such repeater may use paralleled homodyne structure transceivers for better SNR, spectrum combiners for uplink signal aggregation, spectrum separators for downlink signal de-aggregation, water mark signal inserters for optimization, and, among other things, spectrum analyzers for frequency band selection. In at least one such embodiment, a multi-hop repeater chain is configured for MIMO operation in an LTE Advanced or other MIMO network, to deliver high data rate over larger distances — e.g., further away from cell base stations.

A method and apparatus for mimo repeater chains in a wireless communication network

Aspects and features are directed to an uplink integrity detection sub-system. In one aspect, a distributed antenna system is provided that includes a remote antenna unit that communicates with wireless devices in a coverage area, additional remote antenna units that communicate with wireless devices in additional coverage areas, and a unit that communicates with the remote antenna unit and the additional remote antenna units. The unit includes a distributed antenna system controller. The distributed antenna system controller can determine that an undesirable signal component having a power level exceeding a threshold power is communicated via an uplink path from the remote antenna unit. The distributed antenna system controller can also minimize an impact of the undesirable signal component on the additional coverage areas of the additional remote antenna units. Minimizing the impact can include modifying the gain of the uplink path over which the undesirable signal component is communicated.

Uplink path integrity detection in distributed antenna systems

This paper presents a system-independent transmitter architecture based on a direct-digital RF-modulator which combines the D/A conversion, up-conversion, unwanted sideband rejection, power control, and part of the digital image-rejection filtering into a single mixed-signal circuit block. The multimode capability of the architecture is demonstrated with WCDMA, EDGE, and WLAN system requirements. The modulator achieves 90 dB of power control range and with an external power amplifier module, WCDMA EVM of less than 2% from signal powers of -20 dBm to +25 dBm. The noise floor level defined by the quantization noise at 190 MHz offset from the carrier is -150 dBc/Hz measured at the output of the PA with +25 dBm signal power. The analog power consumption with the maximum signal power level is 92 mW and scales down to 46 mW when reducing the signal level to -43 dBFS. The digital power consumption is 65 mW. The chip is implemented with a standard 0.13 mum 1.2 V digital CMOS with total silicon area of 4 mm2.

A Multimode Transmitter in 0.13 $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS Using Direct-Digital RF Modulator

A method for continuously determining the required dynamic range for an analog-to-digital converter by determining the received signal strength and using this received signal strength value in combination with the overall dynamic range for the ADC and the target resolution of the ADC to decode a radio channel in the absence of interference, wherein the target resolution is also related to the type of decoding to be performed subsequent to analog-to-digital conversion. The method allows for a reduction in power consumption associated with the ADC, especially when the incoming signal is received with few interfering radio channels and with a relatively high signal strength. The present method can be combined with gain control and analog alert detection.

Method and apparatus for continuously controlling the dynamic range from an analog-to-digital converter

Radio device having a radio receiver, a radio transmitter and a signal processor (62), wherein the radio receiver is responsive to an incoming analog radio signal (72) for providing a down converted and modulated signal to signal processor (62), wherein the radio transmitter is responsive is responsive to an output signal from signal processor (62) for transmission as an outgoing analog radio signal (70), characterized by control logic (66) for controlling the radio device in two modes, a first mode for operating as a bluetooth device and a second mode for operating as an RF tag reader.

Bluetooth rf based rf-tag read/write station

A method is disclosed for operating a RF receiver of a communications equipment, as is circuitry for implementing the method. The method includes, while operating under the control of a data processor of the communications equipment, generating a calibration signal; injecting the calibration signal into a low noise amplifier (LNA) of the RF receiver; measuring a downconverted response of the receiver at a plurality of different frequencies of the calibration signal, or measuring the downconverted response of the receiver at a plurality of different LNA tuning combinations using a fixed calibration frequency, and at least one of tuning a resonance frequency of at least one LNA resonator based on the measured downconverted response so as to compensate at least for variations in component values that comprise the at least one resonator, or adjusting the linearity of the receiver. In one embodiment the calibration signal is generated using one of a noise source located upstream from the LNA and a transmitter signal, having an AM component, that leaks into the receiver through a duplex filter.

Method and apparatus providing calibration technique for RF performance tuning

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for operating a RF receiver. The method executes, during operation of the RF receiver, by periodically determining existing RF receiver operational conditions; determining RF receiver performance requirements based at least in part on the determined existing RF receiver operational conditions; and by allocating power consumption between RF receiver functional blocks in accordance with the determined RF receiver performance requirements and in accordance with a behavior model of at least one of the RF receiver as a whole and individual functional blocks of the RF receiver. The method may also monitor the resulting RF receiver signal quality to determine if allocation of power consumption has resulted in an optimum allocation of the power consumption.

Pauli Seppinen

Papers

A Multimode Transmitter in 0.13 $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS Using Direct-Digital RF Modulator

Method and apparatus for continuously controlling the dynamic range from an analog-to-digital converter

Bluetooth rf based rf-tag read/write station

Method and apparatus providing calibration technique for RF performance tuning

Method and apparatus for scaling the dynamic range of a receiver for continuously optimizing performance versus power consumption