Nutritional and lipid profiles in marine fish species from Brazil.

### Learning objectives

1. Review the definitions, classification and aetiology of pericarditis.

2. Describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and work-up, laboratory and imaging findings of pericarditis.

3. Review and describe the contemporary medical, interventional and surgical therapies, the prevention and prognosis of pericarditis.



### Classification and definition

Pericarditis is an inflammatory disease of the pericardium, which may have infectious or non-infectious causes, and is manifested by a combination or signs (ie, pericardial rubs, electrocardiographic changes and pericardial effusion), symptoms (mainly chest pain but possible additional symptoms such as dyspnoea) and usually elevation of markers of myocardial inflammation (ie, protein C reactive).1–6 A concomitant myocardial involvement has been described in about one-third of patients with acute pericarditis and it is due to overlapping aetiological agents for pericarditis and myocarditis. In clinical practice it is often detected by elevation of markers of myocardial lesion (ie, troponins) assessed for the differential diagnosis with an acute coronary syndrome. These cases usually with preserved left ventricular function are commonly labeled as myopericarditis.7 ,8

The disease may present as an isolated process or as a part of another disease with pericardial involvement (ie, systemic inflammatory disease and lung cancer) thus involving different medical specialties (ie, cardiology, internal medicine, rheumatology, oncology and nephrology).6 Specific terminology has been adopted in clinical studies as well as guidelines and reviews and will be briefly reviewed in order to promote standardised definitions.

Acute pericarditis is the first attack of pericarditis, generally occurring with an acute onset of symptoms. Treatment of the episode generally lasts for 4–6 weeks, considering the attack dose and drug tapering. If the patient does not reach a remission and the disease lasts several weeks or months without a symptoms-free interval of 4–6 weeks, the term incessant pericarditis is adopted. If the disease reappears after a symptom-free interval of 4–6 weeks, the term recurrent or relapsing pericarditis is …

https://heart.bmj.com/content/heartjnl/101/14/1159.full.pdf

Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis

Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of ultra-processed food (UPF) on the dietary consumption of children treated at a Basic Health Unit and the associated factors. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out with a convenience sample of 204 children, aged 2---10 years old, in Southern Brazil. Children’s food intake was assessed using a 24-h recall questionnaire. Food items were classified as minimally processed, processed for culinary use, and ultra-processed. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. Overweight in children was classified using a Z score >2 for children younger than 5 and Z score >+1 for those aged between 5 and 10 years, using the body mass index for age. Results: Overweight frequency was 34% (95% CI: 28---41%). Mean energy consumption was 1672.3 kcal/day, with 47% (95% CI: 45---49%) coming from ultra-processed food. In the multiple linear regression model, maternal education (r = 0.23; p = 0.001) and child age (r = 0.40; p < 0.001) were factors associated with a greater percentage of UPF in the diet (r = 0.42; p < 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant trend for higher UPF consumption was observed when data were stratified by child age and maternal educational level (p < 0.001).

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jped/v91n6/0021-7557-jped-91-06-0535.pdf

Ultra-processed food consumption in children from a Basic Health Unit

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome and is recognized as the ultimate pathway of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies using nutritional strategies based on dietary patterns have proved to be effective for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Although there are studies that support the protective effect of these diets, their effects on the prevention of HF are not clear yet. Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies that examined dietary patterns, such as dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH diet), paleolithic, vegetarian, low-carb and low-fat diets and prevention of HF. No limitations were used during the search in the databases. Results: A total of 1119 studies were identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Studies regarding the Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian, and Paleolithic diets were found. The Mediterranean and DASH diets showed a protective effect on the incidence of HF and/or worsening of cardiac function parameters, with a significant difference in relation to patients who did not adhere to these dietary patterns. Conclusions: It is observed that the adoption of Mediterranean or DASH-type dietary patterns may contribute to the prevention of HF, but these results need to be analyzed with caution due to the low quality of evidence.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/1/58/pdf

Mediterranean Diet and Other Dietary Patterns in Primary Prevention of Heart Failure and Changes in Cardiac Function Markers: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundThe influence of diet on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress are not completely known.DesignThis cross-sectional study assessed the association of red meat and white meat consumption with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men.MethodsA total of 296 subjects (age: 50.5 ± 5.0 years, body mass index: 25.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were evaluated. Anthropometry, lifestyle features, blood biochemical parameters, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, a lipid peroxidation marker (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire.ResultsThe subjects included in the highest tertile red meat (≥81.5 g/d) and saturated fatty acid from red meat consumption (≥4.3 g/d) had higher occurrence of central obesity (nearly 60%, p < 0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (nearly 43%, p < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome ...

Red but not white meat consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men.

/pdf/i-diretriz-brasileira-de-cardio-oncologia-pediatrica-da-189xm5qjro.pdf

Paulo Roberto Camargo

Papers

I Diretriz brasileira de cardio-oncologia pediátrica da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia