https://www.massey.ac.nz/~ychisti/Biodiesel.pdf

Biodiesel from microalgae.

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) is a nontoxic and biodegradable alternative fuel that is obtained from renewable sources. A major hurdle in the commercialization of biodiesel from virgin oil, in comparison to petroleum-based diesel fuel, is its cost of manufacturing, primarily the raw material cost. Used cooking oil is one of the economical sources for biodiesel production. However, the products formed during frying, such as free fatty acid and some polymerized triglycerides, can affect the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. Apart from this phenomenon, the biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil gives better engine performance and less emissions when tested on commercial diesel engines. The present paper attempts to review methods for the transesterification of waste cooking oil and the performance of biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil in a commercial diesel engine. The paper also examines the basic chemistry involved during frying and the effects of the products formed in the frying process on biodiesel quality.

Waste cooking oil – an economical source for biodiesel: a review

Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review.

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils

Production of biodiesel from waste frying oils.

Multivariate near infrared spectroscopy models for predicting methanol and water content in biodiesel.

https://repositorio.ipl.pt/bitstream/10400.21/2246/1/Study%20on%20the%20glycerolysis%20reaction%20of%20high%20free%20fatty%20acid%20oils%20for%20use%20as%20biodiesel%20feedstock.rep.pdf

Pedro Felizardo

Papers

Production of biodiesel from waste frying oils.

Multivariate near infrared spectroscopy models for predicting methanol and water content in biodiesel.

Study on the glycerolysis reaction of high free fatty acid oils for use as biodiesel feedstock

Multivariate near infrared spectroscopy models for predicting the methyl esters content in biodiesel.

Multivariate near infrared spectroscopy models for predicting the iodine value, CFPP, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and density at 15 °C of biodiesel