Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.

State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

The development of green, sustainable, and economical chemical processes represents a cornerstone challenge within chemistry today. Semiconductor heterogeneous photocatalysis is currently utilized ...

Solar-Driven Metal Halide Perovskite Photocatalysis: Design, Stability, and Performance

Radiation detection, using materials to convert high-energy photons to low-energy photons (X-ray imaging) or electrical charges (X-ray detector), has become essential for a wide range of applicatio

Metal Halide Perovskites for X-ray Imaging Scintillators and Detectors

Electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalysis play a critical role toward the realization of a sustainable energy economy. They facilitate numerous redox reactions in energy storage and conversion systems, enabling the production of chemical feedstock and clean fuels from abundant resources like water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. One major obstacle for their large-scale implementation is the scarcity of cost-effective, durable, and efficient catalysts. A family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) has recently emerged as promising earth-abundant candidates for large-area catalytic energy storage and conversion due to their unique properties of hydrophilicity, high metallic conductivity, and ease of production by solution processing. To take full advantage of these desirable properties, MXenes have been combined with other materials to form MXene hybrids with significantly enhanced catalytic performances beyond the sum of their individual components. MXene hybridization tunes the electronic structure toward optimal binding of redox active species to improve intrinsic activity while increasing the density and accessibility of active sites. This review outlines recent strategies in the design of MXene hybrids for industrially relevant electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic applications such as water splitting, metal-air/sulfur batteries, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction. By clarifying the roles of individual material components in the MXene hybrids, we provide design strategies to synergistically couple MXenes with associated materials for highly efficient and durable catalytic applications. We conclude by highlighting key gaps in the current understanding of MXene hybrids to guide future MXene hybrid designs in catalytic energy storage and conversion applications.

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Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbide/Nitride (MXene) Hybrids and Nanocomposites for Catalytic Energy Storage and Conversion

Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices: Promising Technology for Next‐Generation Displays

Large-area CdZnTe thick film based array X-ray detector

In this work we report the dark current, photocurrent and carrier transport properties of the x-ray detector based on lead iodide (PbI2) crystal. The detectors were built with two orthogonal directions configuration as the bias electric field parallel to the crystallographic c-axis E//c and perpendicular to the c-axis E⊥c. It presents the electrical anisotropy including resistivity, dark current, carrier transport and x-ray induced photoelectricity properties with considering the configuration of bias field and c-axis. A mechanism of carrier scattering effect from anisotropic lattice structure, dislocation and stacking fault could be mainly responsible for this anisotropy property in PbI2 crystal. All the results indicate that the crystal orientation will be taken into account when we design and fabricate the x-ray detectors based on PbI2 crystals or films.

Comparison of electrical properties of x-ray detector based on PbI2 crystal with different bias electric field configuration

A promising photodetector based on CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal under visible light and X-ray irradiation is reported. The CH3NH3PbI3 crystal grown by inverse temperature crystallization acts as the absorber material directly converting visible light and the impinging X-ray photons to electron hole pairs, respectively. The underlying photoelectric response mechanism behind the observation under visible light and X-ray irradiation is carefully discussed. Remarkably, the perovskite detectors demonstrate a good air-exposure stability for more than 2 months with encapsulation. The results demonstrate that the CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal has a great potential for application in the visible light and X-ray detection.

Solution-Processable Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Single Crystal Photodetectors for Visible Light and X-Ray

Effect of micro-groove on microstructure and performance of MAO ceramic coating fabricated on the surface of aluminum alloy

Bismuth tri-iodide (BiI3) single crystals for x-ray detectors application were grown by using physical vapor transport method. Detectors with different electrode configuration were fabricated for electrical and x-ray detection performance measurements. Electrical anisotropy including resistivity, dark current, carrier transport and x-ray induced photoelectricity properties was obtained. Carrier scattering effect deriving from lattice structure, combination bond, dislocation and stacking fault is responsible for the anisotropy properties. Dark current of the detectors with electrical field parallel (E//c) and perpendicular (E ⊥ c) to crystal c-axis were obtained as 0.5 pA and 2.1 pA, respectively. A remarkable signal-to-noise ratio of 896.4 and the sensitivity up to 0.526 × 104 μC Gy−1 cm−2 are achieved in E ⊥ c-axis configuration under 0.02 V μm−1 DC electric field and x-ray exposure dosage rate of 489.78 μGy h−1.

Peihua Wangyang

Papers

Large-area CdZnTe thick film based array X-ray detector

Comparison of electrical properties of x-ray detector based on PbI2 crystal with different bias electric field configuration

Solution-Processable Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Single Crystal Photodetectors for Visible Light and X-Ray

Effect of micro-groove on microstructure and performance of MAO ceramic coating fabricated on the surface of aluminum alloy

Electrical properties of x-ray detector based on bismuth tri-iodide single crystal with electrode configuration considering