The current utilization rate of steel slag is only 22% in china, far behind the developed countries. At present, the amount of slag deposited in storage yard adds up to 30Mt, leading to the occupation of farm land and serious pollution to the environment. Improving the slag utilization is an important way to resolve these problems. The physical and chemical characteristics of steel slag were analyzed and then the research progress of steel slag utilization at home and abroad as recycled raw material in steel enterprise interior, aggregate of road and hydraulic construction, cement additive and concrete admixture, materials for waste water or gas treatment, construction materials and fertilizer in agriculture production were introduced respectively. At last, the important routes and critical problems for large-scale utilization of steel slag were proposed.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/946548.pdf

An Overview of Utilization of Steel Slag

Early hydration and setting of Portland cement monitored by IR, SEM and Vicat techniques

Steel slags are industrial by-products of steel manufacturing, characterized as highly calcareous, siliceous and ferrous. They can be categorized into basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, and ladle furnace (LF) slag. They are found to be useful in many fields, such as road construction, asphalt concrete, agricultural fertilizer, and soil improvement. However, better utilization for value-added purposes in cement and concrete products can be achieved. In this paper, an overview of the recent achievements and challenges of using steel slags (BOF, EAF and LF slag) as cement replacement (usually ground into powder form with the size of 400–500 m2/kg) and aggregate in cement concrete is presented. The results suggest that the cementitious ability of all steel slags in concrete is low and requires activation. For the incorporation of steel slags as aggregate in concrete, special attention needs to be paid due to the potential volumetric instability associated with the hydration of free CaO and/or MgO in the slags. Studies have indicated that adequate aging/weathering and treatments can enhance the hydrolyses of free-CaO and -MgO to mitigate the instability. Considering the environmental and economic aspects, steel slags are also considered to have a potential use as the raw meal in cement clinker production.

Characteristics of steel slags and their use in cement and concrete—A review

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

This paper reports the composition and properties of highly flowable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures made of high proportions of cement replacement materials such as fly ash and pulverized limestone instead of high dosage of a plasticizing agent or viscosity-modifying chemical admixtures. Self-consolidating concrete mixtures are being increasingly used for the construction of highly reinforced complex concrete elements and for massive concrete structures such as dams and thick foundation. In this study, by varying the proportion of portland cement (OPC), Class F-fly ash (F), and limestone powder (L), SCC mixtures with different strength values were produced, and the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete were determined. For a comprehensive analysis and quantification of emissions and global warming potential (GWP) from concrete production, life-cycle assessment (LCA) was employed. We find that high volume, up to 55% by weight replacement of OPC with F, or F and L produces highly workable concrete that has high 28-day and 365-day strength, and extremely high to very high resistance to chloride penetration along with low GWP for concrete production.

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Mechanical properties, durability, and life-cycle assessment of self-consolidating concrete mixtures made with blended portland cements containing fly ash and limestone powder

Peiyu Yan

Papers

Influence of steel slag on mechanical properties and durability of concrete

A discussion on improving hydration activity of steel slag by altering its mineral compositions

Hydration heat evolution and kinetics of blended cement containing steel slag at different temperatures

Comparative study of effect of raw and densified silica fume in the paste, mortar and concrete

Cementitious properties of super-fine steel slag