One of the frequent questions by users of the mixed model function lmer of the lme4 package has been: How can I get p values for the F and t tests for objects returned by lmer? The lmerTest package extends the 'lmerMod' class of the lme4 package, by overloading the anova and summary functions by providing p values for tests for fixed effects. We have implemented the Satterthwaite's method for approximating degrees of freedom for the t and F tests. We have also implemented the construction of Type I - III ANOVA tables. Furthermore, one may also obtain the summary as well as the anova table using the Kenward-Roger approximation for denominator degrees of freedom (based on the KRmodcomp function from the pbkrtest package). Some other convenient mixed model analysis tools such as a step method, that performs backward elimination of nonsignificant effects - both random and fixed, calculation of population means and multiple comparison tests together with plot facilities are provided by the package as well.

/pdf/lmertest-package-tests-in-linear-mixed-effects-models-1x6b86x8v9.pdf

lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

Extended-connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs) are a novel class of topological fingerprints for molecular characterization. Historically, topological fingerprints were developed for substructure and similarity searching. ECFPs were developed specifically for structure−activity modeling. ECFPs are circular fingerprints with a number of useful qualities: they can be very rapidly calculated; they are not predefined and can represent an essentially infinite number of different molecular features (including stereochemical information); their features represent the presence of particular substructures, allowing easier interpretation of analysis results; and the ECFP algorithm can be tailored to generate different types of circular fingerprints, optimized for different uses. While the use of ECFPs has been widely adopted and validated, a description of their implementation has not previously been presented in the literature.

Extended-Connectivity Fingerprints

The measurement of meaning

https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/164664220/hkkr_1_s2.0_S0950329318306505_main.pdf

The Mixed Assessor Model and the multiplicative mixed model

Objective Obesity is associated with delayed insulin absorption upon subcutaneous (s.c.) dosing in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alterations in depot structure and kinetics of the s.c. injection depot contribute to this delay. Methods Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-fat diet (LFD) were included in a series of insulin pharmacokinetic and imaging studies. Injection depots were visualized with micro X-ray computed tomography imaging upon s.c. administration of insulin aspart mixed with the contrast agent iomeprol, and insulin aspart exposure was measured by means of luminescent oxygen channelling immunoassay. Results Body weight and fat mass were increased in rats fed an HFD vs. LFD (p < 0.05), whereas the lean mass was not. The HFD group exhibited delayed insulin absorption from the s.c. tissue (p < 0.001). This delay was associated with smaller injection depots upon s.c. dosing (p < 0.05) and correlated with a slower depot disappearance from the s.c. tissue (p < 0.05) compared with the LFD group. Depot disappearance from the s.c. tissue was inversely correlated with body fat mass (p < 0.05). Conclusions Alterations in s.c. injection depot structure and kinetics may play a role in the obesity-associated delay in insulin absorption.

/pdf/delayed-insulin-absorption-correlates-with-alterations-in-4l506sokrh.pdf

Delayed insulin absorption correlates with alterations in subcutaneous depot kinetics in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Research in emotional design largely focuses on altering the physical properties of products to make them more appealing, with little attention given to the background of the consumers and the possible effects on the perception of design. This study investigates if the background of consumers influences the desire to own and the perception of beauty of a vase. Surveys with 71 participants gathered perceptions of 11 vases. Results from advanced statistical analyses reveal that only gender influences the perception of beauty from vases. The background does not influence the desire to own them.

/pdf/influence-of-consumer-s-background-on-product-perception-4kxzzcyeys.pdf

Influence of consumer's background on product perception

Summary

Standard analysis for ranks from two-way layout data with ties or for 'rank transformed' data with ties can be extended to allow market research to make better comparisons between products. In addition to detecting product average ranks effects, the new analysis allows detection of significant nonlinear effects, umbrella effects, linear contrasts and differences in distributions. The paper presents market research results comparing three types of french fries. There are no differences, according to the standard Friedman analysis. However significant nonlinear effects are found using the new analysis, which give the manufacturer important information.

Per B. Brockhoff

Papers

The Mixed Assessor Model and the multiplicative mixed model

Delayed insulin absorption correlates with alterations in subcutaneous depot kinetics in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Influence of consumer's background on product perception

An Application of Extended Analysis for Ranked Data with Ties

Preference Mapping for Understanding Relations between Sensory Product Attributes and Consumer Acceptance