Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

저작근 근전도에 관한 정상교합자와 ii급 부정교합자의 비교 연구

Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of 21 plant essential oils against six bacterial species. The selected essential oils were screened against four gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and two gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at four different concentrations (1:1, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) using disc diffusion method. The MIC of the active essential oils were tested using two fold agar dilution method at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 25.6 mg/ml. Out of 21 essential oils tested, 19 oils showed antibacterial activity against one or more strains. Cinnamon, clove, geranium, lemon, lime, orange and rosemary oils exhibited significant inhibitory effect. Cinnamon oil showed promising inhibitory activity even at low concentration, whereas aniseed, eucalyptus and camphor oils were least active against the tested bacteria. In general, B. subtilis was the most susceptible. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae exhibited low degree of sensitivity. Majority of the oils showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains. However Cinnamon, clove and lime oils were found to be inhibiting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cinnamon oil can be a good source of antibacterial agents.

/pdf/in-vitro-antibacterial-activity-of-some-plant-essential-oils-115needhff.pdf

In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils.

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from 10 commonly consumed herbs: Citrus aurantium, C. limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha piperita, M. spicata, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Salvia officinalis have been determined. The antibacterial activity of these oils and their main components; i.e. camphor, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, menthol, a-pinene, b-pinene, and thymol were assayed against the human pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest and broadest activity was shown by O. vulgare oil. Carvacrol had the highest antibacterial activity among the tested components.

/pdf/antibacterial-effects-of-the-essential-oils-of-commonly-273ycr1v7e.pdf

Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model.

The potential antifungal effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus tosevii L., Mentha spicata L., and Mentha piperita L. (Labiatae) essential oils and their components against 17 micromycetal food poisoning, plant, animal and human pathogens are presented. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodestillation of dried plant material. Their composition was determined by GC-MS. Identification of individual constituents was made by comparison with analytical standards, and by computer matching mass spectral data with those of the Wiley/NBS Library of Mass Spectra. MIC’s and MFC’s of the oils and their components were determined by dilution assays. Thymol (48.9%) and p-cymene (19.0%) were the main components of T. vulgaris, while carvacrol (12.8%), a-terpinyl acetate (12.3%), cis-myrtanol (11.2%) and thymol (10.4%) were dominant in T. tosevii. Both Thymus species showed very strong antifungal activities. In M. piperita oil menthol (37.4%), menthyl acetate (17.4%) and menthone (12.7%) were the main components, whereas those of M. spicata oil were carvone (69.5%) and menthone (21.9%). Mentha sp. showed strong antifungal activities, however lower than Thymus sp. The commercial fungicide, bifonazole, used as a control, had much lower antifungal activity than the oils and components investigated. It is concluded that essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species possess great antifungal potential and could be used as natural preservatives and fungicides.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/1/238/pdf

Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities.

The antifungal activity of Aniba rosaeodora, Laurus nobilis, Sassafras albidum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils were investigated against 17 micromycetes. Among the tested fungal species were food poisoning, spoilage fungi, plant and animal pathogens. In order to determine fungistatic and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) macrodilution and microdilution tests were used. Linalool was the main component in the essential oil of A. rosaeodora, while 1.8-cineole was dominant in L. nobilis. In sassafras essential oil safrole was the major component and in the oil of C. zeylanicum the main component was trans-cinnamaldehyde. The essential oil of cinnamon showed the strongest antifungal activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities.

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon winterianus. Jowitt (syn. Cymbopogon nardus. (L.) W. Watson var. mahapengiri. Winter) (Poaceae) and Carum carvi. L. (Apiaceae) essential oils were investigated against 19 fungal and 7 bacterial species. Among the tested species were food contaminants, spoilage fungi, as well as plant or fungi and animal pathogens. In order to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), microdilution tests were used. Citronellal and trans.-geraniol were dominant in Cymbopogon winterianus. oil, whereas carvone and limonene were the main components in Carum carvi. oil. The essential oil of C.. carvi. possessed stronger antifungal and antibacterial potential than did citronella oil

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13880200802055917

Essential Oil Composition of Cymbopogon winterianus. and Carum carvi. and Their Antimicrobial Activities

The essential oils of Stachys scardica , S. ofﬁcinalis , S. germanica , S. sylvatica , S. plumosa and S.recta were analysed by GC–MS. From more than 100 identiﬁed constituents of the oils, the sequiterpene hydro-carbons were the major components of all samples except that of S. plumosa , which was rich in monoterpenehydrocarbons. Furthermore, the oils were tested against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. Theessential oil of S. ofﬁcinalis proved to be the most active. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEY WORDS: Stachys scardica ; Stachys ofﬁcinalis ; Stachys germanica ; Stachys sylvatica ; Stachys plumosa ; Stachys recta ; Labiatae; volatile constituents; Serbia * Correspondence to: H. D. Skaltsa, University of Athens, School ofPharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou,GR-157 71, Athens, Greece.E-mail: skaltsa@pharm.uoa.grContract/grant sponsor: Ministry of Science, Technologies and Development,Serbia; Contract/grant number: 1544.

Petar D. Marin

Papers

Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model.

Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities.

The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities.

Essential Oil Composition of Cymbopogon winterianus. and Carum carvi. and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of six Stachys species from Serbia