There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Preface.- 1. The Hahn-Banach Theorems. Introduction to the Theory of Conjugate Convex Functions.- 2. The Uniform Boundedness Principle and the Closed Graph Theorem. Unbounded Operators. Adjoint. Characterization of Surjective Operators.- 3. Weak Topologies. Reflexive Spaces. Separable Spaces. Uniform Convexity.- 4. L^p Spaces.- 5. Hilbert Spaces.- 6. Compact Operators. Spectral Decomposition of Self-Adjoint Compact Operators.- 7. The Hille-Yosida Theorem.- 8. Sobolev Spaces and the Variational Formulation of Boundary Value Problems in One Dimension.- 9. Sobolev Spaces and the Variational Formulation of Elliptic Boundary Value Problems in N Dimensions.- 10. Evolution Problems: The Heat Equation and the Wave Equation.- 11. Some Complements.- Problems.- Solutions of Some Exercises and Problems.- Bibliography.- Index.

Functional Analysis, Sobolev Spaces and Partial Differential Equations

1 Background on Differential Geometry.- 1.1 Fibre Bundles and Connections.- 1.2 Riemannian Manifolds.- 1.3 Superspaces.- 1.4 Superconnections.- 1.5 Characteristic Classes.- 1.6 The Euler and Thorn Classes.- 2 Asymptotic Expansion of the Heat Kernel.- 2.1 Differential Operators.- 2.2 The Heat Kernel on Euclidean Space.- 2.3 Heat Kernels.- 2.4 Construction of the Heat Kernel.- 2.5 The Formal Solution.- 2.6 The Trace of the Heat Kernel.- 2.7 Heat Kernels Depending on a Parameter.- 3 Clifford Modules and Dirac Operators.- 3.1 The Clifford Algebra.- 3.2 Spinors.- 3.3 Dirac Operators.- 3.4 Index of Dirac Operators.- 3.5 The Lichnerowicz Formula.- 3.6 Some Examples of Clifford Modules.- 4 Index Density of Dirac Operators.- 4.1 The Local Index Theorem.- 4.2 Mehler's Formula.- 4.3 Calculation of the Index Density.- 5 The Exponential Map and the Index Density.- 5.1 Jacobian of the Exponential Map on Principal Bundles.- 5.2 The Heat Kernel of a Principal Bundle.- 5.3 Calculus with Grassmann and Clifford Variables.- 5.4 The Index of Dirac Operators.- 6 The Equivariant Index Theorem.- 6.1 The Equivariant Index of Dirac Operators.- 6.2 The Atiyah-Bott Fixed Point Formula.- 6.3 Asymptotic Expansion of the Equivariant Heat Kernel.- 6.4 The Local Equivariant Index Theorem.- 6.5 Geodesic Distance on a Principal Bundle.- 6.6 The heat kernel of an equivariant vector bundle.- 6.7 Proof of Proposition 6.13.- 7 Equivariant Differential Forms.- 7.1 Equivariant Characteristic Classes.- 7.2 The Localization Formula.- 7.3 Bott's Formulas for Characteristic Numbers.- 7.4 Exact Stationary Phase Approximation.- 7.5 The Fourier Transform of Coadjoint Orbits.- 7.6 Equivariant Cohomology and Families.- 7.7 The Bott Class.- 8 The Kirillov Formula for the Equivariant Index.- 8.1 The Kirillov Formula.- 8.2 The Weyl and Kirillov Character Formulas.- 8.3 The Heat Kernel Proof of the Kirillov Formula.- 9 The Index Bundle.- 9.1 The Index Bundle in Finite Dimensions.- 9.2 The Index Bundle of a Family of Dirac Operators.- 9.3 The Chern Character of the Index Bundle.- 9.4 The Equivariant Index and the Index Bundle.- 9.5 The Case of Varying Dimension.- 9.6 The Zeta-Function of a Laplacian.- 9.7 The Determinant Line Bundle.- 10 The Family Index Theorem.- 10.1 Riemannian Fibre Bundles.- 10.2 Clifford Modules on Fibre Bundles.- 10.3 The Bismut Superconnection.- 10.4 The Family Index Density.- 10.5 The Transgression Formula.- 10.6 The Curvature of the Determinant Line Bundle.- 10.7 The Kirillov Formula and Bismut's Index Theorem.- References.- List of Notation.

Heat Kernels and Dirac Operators

Part I. General theory: Schemes Group schemes and representations Induction and injective modules Cohomology Quotients and associated sheaves Factor groups Algebras of distributions Representations of finite algebraic groups Representations of Frobenius kernels Reduction mod $p$ Part II. Representations of reductive groups: Reductive group Simple $G$-modules Irreducible representations of the Frobenius kernels Kempf's vanishing theorem The Borel-Bott-Weil theorem and Weyl's character formula The linkage principle The translation functors Filtrations of Weyl modules Representations of $G_rT$ and $G_rB$ Geometric reductivity and other applications of the Steinberg modules Injective $G_r$-modules Cohomology of the Frobenius kernels Schubert schemes Line bundles on Schubert schemes Truncated categories and Schur algebras Results over the integers Lusztig's conjecture and some consequences Radical filtrations and Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials Tilting modules Frobenius splitting Frobenius splitting and good filtrations Representations of quantum groups References List of notations Index.

Representations of algebraic groups

Pseudo-Differential Operators Introduction Fourier Transform and Sobolev Spaces Pseudo-Differential Operators on Rm Pseudo-Differential Operators on Manifolds Index of Fredholm Operators Elliptic Complexes Spectral Theory The Heat Equation Local Index Formula Variational Formulas Lefschetz Fixed Point Theorems The Zeta Function The Eta Function Characteristic Classes Introduction Characteristic Classes of Complex Bundles Characteristic Classes of Real Bundles Complex Projective Space Invariance Theory The Gauss-Bonnet Theorem Invariance Theory and Pontrjagin Classes Gauss-Bonnet for Manifolds with Boundary Boundary Characteristic Classes Singer's Question The Index Theorem Introduction Clifford Modules Hirzebruch Signature Formula Spinors The Spin Complex The Riemann-Roch Theorem K-Theory The Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem The Regularity at s = 0 of the Eta Function Lefschetz Fixed Point Formulas Index Theorem for Manifolds with Boundary The Eta Invariant of Locally Flat Bundles Spectral Geometry Introduction Operators of Laplace Type Isospectral Manifolds Non-Minimal Operators Operators of Dirac Type Manifolds with Boundary Other Asymptotic Formulas The Eta Invariant of Spherical Space Forms A Guide to the Literature Acknowledgment Introduction Bibliography Notation

Invariance theory, the heat equation, and the Atiyah-Singer index theorem

Gravitation, Gauge Theories and Differential Geometry

/pdf/the-spectral-geometry-of-a-riemannian-manifold-4q610f6314.pdf

The spectral geometry of a Riemannian manifold

Let P be a second-order differential operator with leading symbol given by the tensor on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. We compute the asymptotics of the heat equation for Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed boundary conditions.

The asymptotics of the Laplacian on a manifold with boundary

A great deal of progress has been made recently in the field of asymptotic formulas that arise in the theory of Dirac and Laplace type operators. Asymptotic Formulae in Spectral Geometry collects these results and computations into one book. Written by a leading pioneer in the field, it focuses on the functorial and special cases methods of computing asymptotic heat trace and heat content coefficients in the heat equation. It incorporates the work of many authors into the presentation, and includes a complete bibliography that serves as a roadmap to the literature on the subject. Geometers, mathematical physicists, and analysts alike will undoubtedly find this to be the definitive book on the subject.

Peter B. Gilkey

Papers

Invariance theory, the heat equation, and the Atiyah-Singer index theorem

Gravitation, Gauge Theories and Differential Geometry

The spectral geometry of a Riemannian manifold

The asymptotics of the Laplacian on a manifold with boundary

Asymptotic Formulae in Spectral Geometry