The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning—II☆

The concept of an agent has become important in both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and mainstream computer science. Our aim in this paper is to point the reader at what we perceive to be the most important theoretical and practical issues associated with the design and construction of intelligent agents. For convenience, we divide these issues into three areas (though as the reader will see, the divisions are at times somewhat arbitrary). Agent theory is concerned with the question of what an agent is, and the use of mathematical formalisms for representing and reasoning about the properties of agents. Agent architectures can be thought of as software engineering models of agents;researchers in this area are primarily concerned with the problem of designing software or hardware systems that will satisfy the properties specified by agent theorists. Finally, agent languages are software systems for programming and experimenting with agents; these languages may embody principles proposed by theorists. The paper is not intended to serve as a tutorial introduction to all the issues mentioned; we hope instead simply to identify the most important issues, and point to work that elaborates on them. The article includes a short review of current and potential applications of agent technology.

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Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice

物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

The Globus system is intended to achieve a vertically integrated treatment of application, middleware, and net work. A low-level toolkit provides basic mechanisms such as communication, authentication, network information, and data access. These mechanisms are used to con struct various higher level metacomputing services, such as parallel programming tools and schedulers. The long- term goal is to build an adaptive wide area resource environment AWARE, an integrated set of higher level services that enable applications to adapt to heteroge neous and dynamically changing metacomputing environ ments. Preliminary versions of Globus components were deployed successfully as part of the I-WAY networking experiment.

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Globus: a Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit

The Generative Lexicon

The Vienna Definition Language

The object-oriented classification paradigm

Seeking appropriate methods to model computing and human thought.

Computation beyond turing machines

Programming Languages, Information Structures, and Machine Organization.

The theory of computation that we have inherited from the 1960s focuses on algorithmic computation as embodied in the Turing Machine to the exclusion of other types of computation that Turing had considered. In this chapter we present new models of computation, inspired by Turing’s ideas, that are more appropriate for today’s interactive, networked, and embedded computing systems. These models represent super-Turing computation, going beyond Turing Machines and algorithms. We identify three principles underlying super-Turing computation (interaction with the world, infinity of resources, and evolution of systems) and apply these principles in our discussion of the implications of super-Turing computation for the future of computer science.

Peter Wegner

Papers

The Vienna Definition Language

The object-oriented classification paradigm

Computation beyond turing machines

Programming Languages, Information Structures, and Machine Organization.

Turing’s Ideas and Models of Computation