介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

A new iron(III) halide-promoted aza-Prins cyclization between γ,δ-unsaturated tosylamines and aldehydes provides six-membered azacycles in good to excellent yields. The process is based on the consecutive generation of γ-unsaturated-iminium ion and further nucleophilic attack by the unsaturated carbon−carbon bond. Homoallyl tosylamine leads to trans-2-alkyl-4-halo-1-tosylpiperidine as the major isomer. In addition, the alkyne aza-Prins cyclization between homopropargyl tosylamine and aldehydes gives 2-alkyl-4-halo-1-tosyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines as the only cyclic products. The piperidine ring is widely distributed throughout Nature, e.g., in alkaloids,1 and is an important scaffold for drug discovery, being the core of many pharmaceutically significant compounds.2,3 The syntheses of these type of compounds have been extensively studied in the development of new drugs containing six-membered-ring heterocycles.4 Reactions between N-acyliminium ions and nucleophiles, also described as amidoalkylation or Mannich-type condensations, have been frequently used to introduce substituents at the R-carbon of an amine.5 There are several examples that involve an intramolecular attack of a nucleophilic olefin into an iminium cation for the construction of a heterocyclic ring system.6 Traditionally, the use of hemiaminals or their derivatives as precursors of N-acyliminium intermediates has been a common two-step strategy in these reactions.6a Among this type of cyclization is the aza-Prins cyclization,7 which uses alkenes as intramolecular nucleophile. However, cy† X-ray analysis. E-mail address: malopez@ull.es. (1) (a) Fodor, G. B.; Colasanti, B. Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological PerspectiVes; Pelletier, S. W., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1985; Vol. 23, pp 1-90. (b) Baliah, V.; Jeyarama, R.; Chandrasekaran, L. Chem. ReV. 1983, 83, 379-423. (2) Watson, P. S.; Jiang, B.; Scott, B. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 3679-3681. (3) Horton, D. A.; Bourne, G. T.; Smythe, M. L. Chem. ReV. 2003, 103, 893-930. (4) Buffat, M. G. P. Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 1701-1729 and references therein. (5) Speckamp, W. N.; Moolenaar, M. J. Tetrahedron 2000, 56, 3187- 3856 and references therein. (6) (a) Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N. In ComprehensiVe Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Fleming, O., Heathcock, C. H., Eds.; Pergamon: New York, 1991; Vol. 2, pp 1047-1081. (b) Speckamp, W. N.; Hiemstra, H. Tetrahedron 1985, 41, 4367-4416. (7) (a) Dobbs, A. P.; Guesne, S. J. J.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Coles, S. J. Synlett 2003, 11, 1740-1742. (b) Dobbs, A. P.; Guesne, S. J. J.; Martinove, S.; Coles, S. J.; Hursthouse, M. B. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 7880-7883. (c) Hanessian, S.; Tremblay, M.; Petersen, F. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6064-6071 and references therein. (d) Dobbs, A. P.; Guesne, S. J. Synlett 2005, 13, 2101-2103. ORGANIC

Iron-Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis

Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

The thermal and physicochemical properties of protic ionic liquids (PILs) are reported. It is highly evident that there has been an extensive range of alkylammonium, imidazolium, and heterocyclic cations paired with many organic and inorganic anions that have been employed to prepare PILs. There has been strong interest in modifying the properties of PILs through the addition of water or other molecular solvents. For many applications, the presence of some water in the PILs is not detrimental, and instead leads to enhanced solvent properties such as lower viscosity, higher conductivities, and lower melting points. It remains an issue of definition though of how to refer to these resulting protic solutions. There is also an ongoing difficulty surrounding how to describe the proton activity in the PILs, analogous to pH in aqueous systems. For a broad range of applications, it has been reported that the acidity/basicity of the PIL or PIL-solvent system is crucial for their beneficial properties. It is expected that the fundamental properties of PILs will continue to be explored, along with continued interest in many existing and new applications, such as in electrochemistry, organic and inorganic synthesis, and biological applications. In particular, there has been a significant interest in a broad- range of PILs for use as electrolytes and incorporation in polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, and other energy storage devices.

Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure–Property Relationships and Expanding Applications

https://bioone.org/journals/harvard-papers-in-botany/volume-13/issue-2/1043-4534-13.2.299/Flora-of-China/10.3100/1043-4534-13.2.299.pdf

Flora of China

Four native Papaver species of Iran, i. e. P. glaucum, P. tenuifolium, P. dubium and P. fugax, were collected from their natural habitat and subjected to HPLC analysis for determination of their morphine, codeine and thebaine content. P. dubium and R. glaucum contained all of the three mentioned narcotic alkaloids, while morphine was not found in P. fugax, and P. tenuifolium was free from codeine.

http://znaturforsch.com/ac/v62c/s62c0016.pdf

Narcotic alkaloids of four papaver species from Iran.

This study investigated the effect of drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Lavandula angustifolia for identification suitable drying method for post harvest processing. The drying methods tested were sun-drying (SD, 72 h under sunlight), closed shade-drying (CSD, 72 h under shade condition in a closed place), oven-drying (OD, 48 h heated at 40 °C) and microwave-drying (MD, 5 min irradiated at 55% energy of 900 W). The essential oils from dried samples were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and GC–mass spectrometry. The drying method had a significant effect on the essential oil content (w/w%) and was in the order of: CSD (3.4%) > OD (2.6%) > SD (1.6%) > MD (0.9%). In total, 35, 36, 34 and 38 constituents were identified and quantified in shade, sunlight, oven and microwave drying, representing 99.1%, 98.3%, 98.7% and 98.2% of the total oil, respectively. The main components were linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol. However, the drying method had no effect on the proportion of the various components. UPGMA cluster and principal component analyses from essential oil constituents grouped the employed treatments into three main clusters.

The effect of drying methods on yield and chemical constituents of the essential oil in Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae)

Three medicinal species of the genus Echinacea (Asteraceae), i.e. E. purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia, were cultivated in the experimental field of the Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran, Iran). The essential oil of flowerheads of the studied species was isolated by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 36, 30 and 36 constituents were identified and quantified in E. purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia, respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in E. purpurea (70.9%), E. angustifolia (70%) and E. pallida (62.6%). The content of germacrene-D in E. purpurea (57%) was higher than that in E. pallida (51.4%) and E. angustifolia (49.6%) as the principal component in all samples. Also, the monoterpene hydrocarbons were observed in the oil of E. purpurea (6.4%) and E. angustifolia (1.2%), while these compounds were completely absent in E. pallida oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Volatile constituents of the flowerheads of three Echinacea species cultivated in Iran

3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and -thiones are synthesized in high yields by a one-pot condensation of an aldehyde, a β-dicarbonyl compound with hydrogensulfate salt of urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions.

A Green Approach to the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones by Uronium Hydrogensulfate under Solvent-free Conditions

A highly selective synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-1,3-benzimidazoles from the reaction of o-phenylenediamines and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of silica sulfuric acid is reported. The reactions were performed in ethanol or water and the cat- alyst could be reused for several runs.

Peyman Salehi

Papers

Narcotic alkaloids of four papaver species from Iran.

The effect of drying methods on yield and chemical constituents of the essential oil in Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae)

Volatile constituents of the flowerheads of three Echinacea species cultivated in Iran

A Green Approach to the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones by Uronium Hydrogensulfate under Solvent-free Conditions

Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazoles in Water at Ambient Temperature.