Showing papers by "Philippe Berny published in 2007"
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper was to review the wildlife-poisoning surveillance systems and their results regarding the circumstances of exposure of wild animals, the pesticides involved and the species exposed.
Abstract: Pesticides are widely used to control agricultural pests. Unfortunately, because of their biological activity, they may have detrimental effects on nontarget species. Acute toxicity, resulting in death, is reported worldwide. Although chronic and indirect effects may be even more hazardous for animal populations on a long-term basis, they are usually evaluated as parts of research programs. The purpose of this paper was to review the wildlife-poisoning surveillance systems and their results regarding the circumstances of exposure of wild animals, the pesticides involved and the species exposed. Most data are retrieved from the British and French pesticide poisoning surveillance systems in wildlife, with some data from other European structures.
197 citations
TL;DR: To conclude, both soil characteristics and climatic conditions weakly influence persistence, while bait storage lengthens it dramatically, both between soils and seasons.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the European otter (Lutra lutra) was sampled along the Allier river (France) catchment for organochlorine toxic compounds (nine pesticides and 16 PCBs congeners) measurement.
Abstract: Scats of the European otter (Lutra lutra) were sampled along the Allier river (France) catchment for organochlorine toxic compounds (nine pesticides and 16 PCBs congeners) measurement. From early 2004 to June 2005, 90 sites of 40 rivers were twice investigated, and 71 scats samples collected, in four geographical areas being naturally re-colonized by the species since its legal protection. Detectable pesticides and PCBs were found in 100% of the samples. Mean values reached 2.72 and 13.58 mg kg−1 (lipid weight) for pesticides and PCBs, respectively. Amounts were significantly different between the four areas investigated. A significant increase in medium and absolute values is noted by going downstream of the catchment. Potential medium- and long-term consequences on the observed population increase are discussed.
19 citations
TL;DR: Findings appear to support the hypothesis that several different mechanisms are involved in warfarin resistance in the strain of Rattus norvegicus the authors studied, and calculate the kinetic parameters of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) in resistant and susceptible rats.
Abstract: Warfarin-susceptible and warfarin-resistant Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) strains from France were studied to determine the mechanism of resistance to warfarin. As recently suggested by other authors, mutations in the vitamin K epoxide reduction subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene are the basis anticoagulant resistance. We found one of the seven previously described mutations (Y139F) for VKORC1, and calculated the kinetic parameters of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) in resistant (homozygous for Y139F) and susceptible rats. In resistant rats, VKOR activity was lower and also less inhibited by warfarin (20 μM) than in susceptible rats. Difethialone (20 μM) inhibited VKOR activity in both strains. The maximum rate (V max) and affinity constant (K m) of the VKOR in resistant rats was lowered compared to those obtained in susceptible rats. Consequently, the enzymatic efficiency (V m/K m) of the VKOR was similar between resistant and susceptible rats. VKOR activity in warfarin-resistant rats was poorly inhibi...
5 citations