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Using Multivariate Statistics

BACKGROUND Mental disorders have a strong association with suicide. This meta-analysis, or statistical overview, of the literature gives an estimate of the suicide risk of the common mental disorders.

METHOD We searched the medical literature to find reports on the mortality of mental disorders. English language reports were located on MEDLINE (1966-1993) with the search terms mental disorders', 'brain injury', 'eating disorders', 'epilepsy', 'suicide attempt', 'psychosurgery', with 'mortality' and 'follow-up studies', and from the reference lists of these reports. We abstracted 249 reports with two years or more follow-up and less than 10% loss of subjects, and compared observed numbers of suicides with those expected. A standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated for each disorder.

RESULTS Of 44 disorders considered, 36 have a significantly raised SMR for suicide, five have a raised SMR which fails to reach significance, one SMR is not raised and for two entries the SMR could not be calculated.

CONCLUSIONS If these results can be generalised then virtually all mental disorders have an increased risk of suicide excepting mental retardation and dementia. The suicide risk is highest for functional and lowest for organic disorders with substance misuse disorders lying between. However, within these broad groupings the suicide risk varies widely.

Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis.

Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge

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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

Mental health of young people : a global public-health challenge. Commentary

To the Editor: The subject of the clinical study of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning by Scheinkestel and colleagues' is important, given that CO is both an endogenous neurotransmitter and the most common non-prescribed poison; it has no known effective antidote. That oxygen (02) could be such an antidote was given credibility more than 100 years ago, when John Haldane showed that CO bound to haemoglobin to cause hypoxaemia,\" However, his son produced in-vivo data that challenged this \"hypoxic\" theory of CO toxicity 30 years later.\" We have also shown that CO toxicity is not simply hypoxic and that O2 per se can not be a \"comprehensive\" antidote.\" More recently, another rationalisation of using 02 therapy to treat CO poisoning has arisen the inhibition of CO-induced neutrophilic white blood cell diapedesis and subsequent brain lipid peroxidation. There are two primary sources of support for this concept. Firstly, perhaps the only consistent finding in the plethora of published clinical series of CO poisoning is the low incidence of delayed encephalopathy in patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).5 Secondly, in rodents, neutrophil diapedesis after CO poisoning is inhibited by O2 at 300kPa, but not at 100kPa.6 However, without exception, the clinical data are variously anecdotal, poorly controlled or otherwise of poor quality. It is even possible that much of the brain injury attributed to CO toxicity is actually the result of ongoing depression and the stress of hospitalisation. Finally, as the surgical preparation of the rodents in the study cited above? included ligation of cerebral blood vessels, thus producing mechanical ischaemia, related data must be interpreted cautiously. In this context, any well-controlled and well-conducted prospective study of different doses of 02 therapy in CO poisoning

Was the neuropsychological testing appropriate

Objective:To identify the age of onset of eating disorder behaviours (EDBs) and weight/shape overvaluation in a community sample and to evaluate the association between the age of onset and duratio...

Exploring associations between age of onset and quality of life of people with eating disorder behaviours and weight/shape overvaluation: a general population study.

Introduction Individuals with obesity show deficits in executive functioning which have been implicated in decreased weight loss outcome Preliminary evidence suggests that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) improves executive functioning and weight loss in obesity However, confirmatory support, especially for pre-weight loss use, is lacking The CRT study aims at determining the efficacy of CRT versus no treatment control in patients with obesity before entering behavioural weight loss (BWL) treatment It is hypothesised that individuals who receive CRT will show better weight loss outcome, improved executive functioning, greater weight loss-related behavioural changes and higher attendance of BWL treatment, 6 and 12 months after cessation of CRT Methods and analysis In a single-centre, assessor-blinded, randomised, two-armed parallel-group superiority trial, 260 adults with body mass index ≥350 kg/m2 are centrally randomised to 8-week group-based CRT versus no treatment, before entering BWL treatment Primary outcome is the amount of weight loss (%) at 6-month follow-up, compared with pre-treatment, derived from measured body weight Secondary outcomes include improvement in executive functioning post-treatment and in weight loss-related behaviour, mental and physical health, and attendance to BWL treatment at 6-month and 12-month follow-up Maintenance of weight loss at 12-month follow-up will be determined Mixed model analyses based on intent-to-treat will be used to compare the CRT and control groups with respect to differences in weight change between pre-treatment and 6-month follow-up Similar models will be used for analysing 12-month follow-up data and secondary outcomes Further analyses will include additional covariates to identify predictors of treatment outcome Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Leipzig (256-15-13072015, version ‘Final 10 from 28 May 2015) The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications Trial registration number DRKS00009333; Pre-results

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/9/e022616.full.pdf

Group cognitive remediation therapy for adults with obesity prior to behavioural weight loss treatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled superiority study (CRT study)

Reason for withdrawal from publication
This protocol was withdrawn on 23rd May 2016 due to lack of progress.

Phillipa Hay

Papers

Was the neuropsychological testing appropriate

Exploring associations between age of onset and quality of life of people with eating disorder behaviours and weight/shape overvaluation: a general population study.

Group cognitive remediation therapy for adults with obesity prior to behavioural weight loss treatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled superiority study (CRT study)

Antipsychotic drugs for anorexia nervosa

Treatable Risk Factor for Osteoporosis