WHO CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOURS OF HAEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID TISSUES , WHO CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOURS OF HAEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID TISSUES , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues

The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474442206704719.pdf

Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

http://hemepathreview.com/UsefulHemeRefArticles/WHO%202008%20and%20Beyond.pdf

The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: evolving concepts and practical applications.

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor, representing 81% of malignant brain tumors Although relatively rare, they cause significant mortality and morbidity Glioblastoma, the most common glioma histology (∼45% of all gliomas), has a 5-year relative survival of ∼5% A small portion of these tumors are caused by Mendelian disorders, including neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome Genomic analyses of glioma have also produced new evidence about risk and prognosis Recently discovered biomarkers that indicate improved survival include O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, and a glioma cytosine-phosphate-guanine island methylator phenotype Genome-wide association studies have identified heritable risk alleles within 7 genes that are associated with increased risk of glioma Many risk factors have been examined as potential contributors to glioma risk Most significantly, these include an increase in risk by exposure to ionizing radiation and a decrease in risk by history of allergies or atopic disease(s) The potential influence of occupational exposures and cellular phones has also been examined, with inconclusive results We provide a “state of the science” review of current research into causes and risk factors for gliomas in adults

/pdf/the-epidemiology-of-glioma-in-adults-a-state-of-the-science-2iez1warx3.pdf

The epidemiology of glioma in adults: a "state of the science" review.

Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects

The authors investigated the hypothesis that exposure to pesticides could be related to central nervous system disorders in a prospective cohort study of 1,507 French elderly (1992-1998). Lower cognitive performance was observed in subjects who had been occupationally exposed to pesticides. In men, the relative risks of developing Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease for occupational exposure assessed by a job exposure matrix were 5.63 (95% confidence interval: 1.47, 21.58) and 2.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 5.63), respectively, after confounding factors were taken into account. No association was found with having a primary job in agriculture or with environmental pesticide exposure, nor was an association found in women. These results suggest the presence of neurologic impairments in elderly persons who were exposed occupationally to pesticides.

Neurodegenerative Diseases and Exposure to Pesticides in the Elderly

Agricultural activities involve the use of crop preservation such as "trench-type" silo, which can sometimes be contaminated by fungi. To investigate the exposure of livestock and farm workers to fungal spores and mycotoxins, a multimycotoxin analysis method has been developed. Six mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, citrinin, deoxynivalenol, gliotoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. An experimental study of fungal species and mycotoxins was conducted in corn silage (Normandy, France) during 9 months of monitoring. The results indicated the recurrence of around 20 different species, with some of them being potentially toxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Fusarium verticillioides, and Monascus ruber, and the detection of aflatoxin B1 (4-34 ppb), citrinin (4-25 ppb), zearalenone (23-41 ppb), and deoxynivalenol (100-213 ppb). This suggested a possible chronic exposure to low levels of mycotoxins.

Mycoflora and multimycotoxin detection in corn silage: Experimental study

PURPOSETo evaluate late psychosocial sequelae in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the population of Calvados, France.PATIENTS AND METHODSNinety-three patients issued from the Calvados General Tumor Registry, treated from 1978 to 1990, free of relapse and second malignancy since January 1991, were enrolled onto cross-sectional case-control study. One hundred eighty-six healthy controls, matched for sex, age, and residency, were selected at random from electoral rolls. Two self-administered questionnaires were mailed in the spring of 1995.RESULTSCompared with controls, HD patients reported (1) more physical (P < .001), role (P < .001), and cognitive (P = .015) functioning impairments, as well as dyspnea (P < .001) and chronic fatigue (P = .025), while no statistical difference was found in global health status; (2) to be more often childless (P = .04), fewer divorces or separations (P = .013), fewer changes in relationships with friends (P = .012), similar proportions at work but less ambiti...

Late psychosocial sequelae in Hodgkin's disease survivors: a French population-based case-control study.

Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in mature corn silage

In order to build tools to quantify exposure to pesticides of farmers included into epidemiological studies, we performed a field study in Bordeaux vineyards during the 2001 and 2002 treatment seasons to identify parameters related to external contamination of workers. In total, 37 treatment days were observed in tractor operators corresponding to 65 mixing operations, 71 spraying operations and 26 equipment cleaning. In all, four operators with backpack sprayers and seven re-entry workers were also monitored. We performed both detailed observations of treatment characteristics on the whole day and pesticide measurements of external contamination (dermal and inhalation) for each operation. The median dermal contamination was 40.5 mg of active ingredient per day for tractor operators, 68.8 mg for backpack sprayers and 1.3 mg for vineyard workers. Most of the contamination was observed on the hands (49% and 56.2% for mixing and spraying, respectively). The median contribution of respiratory route in the total contamination was 1.1%. A cleaning operation resulted in a 4.20 mg dermal contamination intermediate between a mixing (2.85 mg) and a spraying operation (6.13 mg). Farm owners experienced higher levels than workers and lower contaminations were observed in larger farms. The contamination increased with the number of spraying phases and when equipment cleaning was performed. Types of equipment influenced significantly the daily contamination, whereas personal protective equipment only resulted in a limited decrease of contamination.

Pierre Lebailly

Papers

Neurodegenerative Diseases and Exposure to Pesticides in the Elderly

Mycoflora and multimycotoxin detection in corn silage: Experimental study

Late psychosocial sequelae in Hodgkin's disease survivors: a French population-based case-control study.

Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in mature corn silage

Pesticide contamination of workers in vineyards in France