In this article, we present a springboard perspective to describe the internationalization of emerging market multinational corporations (EM MNEs). EM MNEs use international expansion as a springboard to acquire strategic resources and reduce their institutional and market constraints at home. In so doing, they overcome their latecomer disadvantage in the global stage via a series of aggressive, risk-taking measures by aggressively acquiring or buying critical assets from mature MNEs to compensate for their competitive weaknesses. We discuss unique traits that characterize the international expansion of EM MNEs, and the unique motivations that steer them toward internationalization. We further delineate peculiar strategies and activities undertaken by these firms in pursuit of international expansion, as well as internal and external forces that might compel or facilitate their propulsion into the global scene. We finally explain the risks and remedies associated with this international ‘springboarding’ strategy and highlight major issues meriting further investigation.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.jibs.8400275.pdf

International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective

This study investigates the determinants of Chinese outward direct investment (ODI) and the extent to which three special explanations (capital market imperfections, special ownership advantages and institutional factors) need to be nested within the general theory of the multinational firm. We test our hypotheses using official Chinese ODI data collected between 1984 and 2001. We find Chinese ODI to be associated with high levels of political risk in, and cultural proximity to, host countries throughout, and with host market size and geographic proximity (1984 to 1991) and host natural resources endowments (1992 to 2001). We find strong support for the argument that aspects of the special theory help to explain the behaviour of Chinese MNEs.

/pdf/the-determinants-of-chinese-outward-foreign-direct-ug17cra671.pdf

The determinants of Chinese outward foreign direct investment

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

(1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

Applied Linear Regression Models

This paper examines the patterns of, and motives for, internationalization by prominent market-seeking Chinese firms. Case studies of these firms indicate that they are seeking technological and brand assets to create a competitive position in international markets. While mainstream theory tends to assume that firms internationalize to exploit competitive advantages, Chinese firms are generally making such investments in order to address competitive disadvantages. They are engaging in ‘inward’ internationalization by means of original equipment manufacture (OEM) and joint venture partnerships, and ‘outward’ internationalization by means of acquisition and organic expansion abroad. Each of these routes offers certain benefits coupled with its own challenges or risks. The paper concludes that the Chinese case offers an opportunity to extend present theorizing in four primary areas concerning the latecomer perspective and catch-up strategies, institutional analysis with reference to the role of government, the relations between entrepreneurs and institutions, and the liability of foreignness.

/pdf/the-internationalization-of-chinese-firms-a-case-for-2hti5tfthh.pdf

The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?[1]

http://www.rcmewhu.com/upload/file/20150527/20150527094931_1700.pdf

Why do Chinese firms tend to acquire strategic assets in international expansion

Outward investment by Chinese MNCs: Motivations and implications

Investing for strategic resources and its rationale: The case of outward FDI from Chinese companies

https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1068&context=bus_facpub

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by emerging market firms: A comparative investigation ☆

The important phenomenon that the internationalization of Chinese firms (ICF) represents has attracted increasing interest from scholars from multiple fields over the past 20 years (1991‐2010).Although this proliferation of research has the potential to significantly improve understanding of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs), the necessary step of consolidating and integrating extant knowledge is absent.This paper reviews the scholarship on the ICF and offers insights into the specific areas in critical need of further development. By focusing on articles published in major scholarly journals during the period 1991‐2010, the authors develop a coherent framework to organizeandreviewconceptualandempiricalfindingsfromdisciplinesasfarrangingas management,internationalbusiness,cross-cultureandareastudies.Withinthereviewed literature, three primary streams of enquiry are identified which focus on the antecedents,processes and outcomes of the ICF.Achievements within each of the three research streams are carefully reviewed using content analysis, whereby a number of important issuesareidentifiedwhichhaveremainedconsistentlyuntouched,andrecommendations areprovidedforfutureresearch,aimedatdevelopingamoreintegratedresearchagenda on the ICF for management and international business scholars.

/pdf/the-internationalization-of-chinese-firms-a-critical-review-tk61qpyaqa.pdf

Ping Deng

Papers

Why do Chinese firms tend to acquire strategic assets in international expansion

Outward investment by Chinese MNCs: Motivations and implications

Investing for strategic resources and its rationale: The case of outward FDI from Chinese companies

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by emerging market firms: A comparative investigation ☆

The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Critical Review and Future Research*