Controlled/living radical polymerization: Features, developments, and perspectives

This paper presents a review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds [ZC(=S)SR] by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Since we first introduced the technique in 1998, the number of papers and patents on the RAFT process has increased exponentially as the technique has proved to be one of the most versatile for the provision of polymers of well defined architecture. The factors influencing the effectiveness of RAFT agents and outcome of RAFT polymerization are detailed. With this insight, guidelines are presented on how to conduct RAFT and choose RAFT agents to achieve particular structures. A survey is provided of the current scope and applications of the RAFT process in the synthesis of well defined homo-, gradient, diblock, triblock, and star polymers, as well as more complex architectures including microgels and polymer brushes.

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Living radical polymerization by the RAFT process

This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

Keywords: Fragmentation Chain-Transfer ; Self-Assembled Monolayers ; Walled Carbon Nanotubes ; Well-Defined Polymer ; Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization ; Block-Copolymer Brushes ; Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Brushes ; Transfer Raft Polymerization ; Quartz-Crystal Microbalance ; Poly(Acrylic Acid) Brushes Reference EPFL-REVIEW-148464doi:10.1021/cr900045aView record in Web of Science Record created on 2010-04-23, modified on 2017-05-10

Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications

Among the living radical polymerization techniques, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) polymerizations appear to be the most versatile processes in terms of the reaction conditions, the variety of monomers for which polymerization can be controlled, tolerance to functionalities, and the range of polymeric architectures that can be produced. This review highlights the progress made in RAFT/MADIX polymerization since the first report in 1998. It addresses, in turn, the mechanism and kinetics of the process, examines the various components of the system, including the synthesis paths of the thiocarbonyl-thio compounds used as chain-transfer agents, and the conditions of polymerization, and gives an account of the wide range of monomers that have been successfully polymerized to date, as well as the various polymeric architectures that have been produced. In the last section, this review describes the future challenges that the process will face and shows its opening to a wider scientific community as a synthetic tool for the production of functional macromolecules and materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43:5347–5393, 2005

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pola.20986

Macromolecular design via réversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/Xanthates (MADIX) polymerization

Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization: End Group Modification for Functionalized Polymers and Chain Transfer Agent Recovery

We report the syntheses and uses of versatile chain transfer agents (CTAs) that produce well-controlled macromolecular architectures with specific chain-end functionalities, via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization). Examples of architectures are given, including amphiphilic copolymers and block copolymers incorporating a biodegradable block. These CTAs are also used for the grafting of poly(styrene), poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl acrylate) from cotton.

Versatile Chain Transfer Agents for Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization to Synthesize Functional Polymeric Architectures

Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Mediated by a Solid Supported Chain Transfer Agent

Various versatile chain transfer agents (CTAs) have been synthesized for reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerzation. Such CTAs have been used to modify hydroxyl containing materials and produce well-controlled molecular architectures such as amphiphilic copolymer from poly (ethylene glycol), AB block copolymer consisting of a biodegradable segment, poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and grafted copolymers of poly (styrene), poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (methyl acrylate) from cellulose.

Pittaya Takolpuckdee

Papers

Macromolecular design via réversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/Xanthates (MADIX) polymerization

Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization: End Group Modification for Functionalized Polymers and Chain Transfer Agent Recovery

Versatile Chain Transfer Agents for Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization to Synthesize Functional Polymeric Architectures

Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Mediated by a Solid Supported Chain Transfer Agent

Polymer architectures via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization