Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods. † Correspondence: Chung-Ming Kuan, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan; ckuan@econ.sinica.edu.tw. †† I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editor, Professor Steven Durlauf, for his patience and constructive comments on early drafts of this entry. I also thank Shih-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Lieh Huang for very helpful suggestions. The remaining errors are all mine.

Artificial neural networks

Computer Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering

Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control

Thank you for reading mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases model building analysis and interpretation. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases model building analysis and interpretation, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.

Mathematical Epidemiology Of Infectious Diseases Model Building Analysis And Interpretation

Reactor technologies for biodiesel production and processing: a review.

Role of infection on the stability of a predator–prey system with several response functions—A comparative study

Infection with HIV-1, degrading the human immune system and recent advances of drug therapy to arrest HIV-1 infection, has generated considerable research interest in the area. Bonhoeffer et al. (1997) [1] , introduced a population model representing long term dynamics of HIV infection in response to available drug therapies. We consider a similar type of approximate model incorporating time delay in the process of infection on the healthy T cells which, in turn, implies inclusion of a similar delay in the process of viral replication. The model is studied both analytically and numerically. We also include a similar delay in the killing rate of infected CD4+ T cells by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) and in the stimulation of CTL and analyse two resulting models numerically. The models with no time delay present have two equilibria: one where there is no infection and a non-trivial equilibrium where the infection can persist. If there is no time delay then the non-trivial equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. Both our analytical results (for the first model) and our numerical results (for all three models) indicate that introduction of a time delay can destabilize the non-trivial equilibrium. The numerical results indicate that such destabilization occurs at realistic time delays and that there is a threshold time delay beneath which the equilibrium with infection present is locally asymptotically stable and above which this equilibrium is unstable and exhibits oscillatory solutions of increasing amplitude.

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Long term dynamics in a mathematical model of HIV-1 infection with delay in different variants of the basic drug therapy model

/pdf/insight-and-control-of-infectious-disease-in-global-scenario-3r6fhrerua.pdf

Insight and Control of Infectious Disease in Global Scenario

Jatropha curcas is a plant with a variety of potential and ecological applications. The seeds of this plant contain a high amount of oil that can be used to obtain a better quality of alternative fuel biodiesel. But the Jatropha plants are seriously affected by the mosaic virus (Begomovirus) that is carried by infected vector whiteflies. It severely affects the Jatropha plants by causing leaf damage, yellowing leaves and sap drainage. In particular, it attacks its fruits considerably reducing the production of seeds. In this paper, we formulate a model for the dynamics of this disease and its possible control via insecticide spraying. We identify the parameters that are most important for vector-borne disease control. Pontryagin minimum principle is employed to minimize the cost of spraying. The findings indicate that the optimal spraying policy does not require insecticide application during the first ten days of the epidemic outbreak and that instead the spraying must be continued for the following three months to eradicate the disease.

/pdf/a-model-for-the-control-of-the-mosaic-virus-disease-in-5068xnqw7h.pdf

A model for the control of the mosaic virus disease in Jatropha curcas plantations

This research paper presents a multi-objective reliability redundancy allocation problem for optimum system reliability and system cost with limitation on entropy of the system which is very essential for effective sustainability. Both crisp and interval-valued system parameters are considered for better realization of the model in more realistic sense. We propose that the system cost of the redundancy allocation problem depends on reliability of the components. A subpopulation and entropy based region reducing genetic algorithm (GA) with Laplace crossover and power mutation is proposed to determine the optimum number of redundant components at each stage of the system. The approach is demonstrated through the case study of a break lining manufacturing plant. A comprehensive study is conducted for comparing the performance of the proposed GA with the single-population based standard GA by evaluating the optimum system reliability and system cost with the optimum number of redundant components. Set of numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the redundancy allocation model based on the proposed optimization technique. We present a brief discussion on change of the system using graphical phenomenon due to the changes of parameters of the system. Comparative performance studies of the proposed GA with the standard GA demonstrate that the proposed GA is promising to solve the reliability redundancy optimization problem providing better optimum system reliability.

Priti Kumar Roy

Papers

Role of infection on the stability of a predator–prey system with several response functions—A comparative study

Long term dynamics in a mathematical model of HIV-1 infection with delay in different variants of the basic drug therapy model

Insight and Control of Infectious Disease in Global Scenario

A model for the control of the mosaic virus disease in Jatropha curcas plantations

Entropy based region reducing genetic algorithm for reliability redundancy allocation in interval environment