Motor vehicles are the main source of carbon monoxide (CO) Under multiple sponsorship, two major vehicle emissions studies were conducted: one in Fort McHenry tunnel (under the Baltimore Harbor) in June 1992 and the other in the Tuscarora Mountain tunnel in south-central Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Turnpike) in September 1992 The cars at both sites tended to be newer than elsewhere (median age was < 4 years), and much better maintained as judged by low CO/CO2 ratios and other emissions characteristics Measured CO/CO2 ratios agreed with concurrent roadside infrared remote sensing measurements on light-duty vehicles Remote sensing measurements on heavy-duty diesels were obtained for the first time and were roughly in agreement with the regular (bag sampling) tunnel measurements in both CO/CO2 and HC/CO2 ratios

Real-world automotive emissions: Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain tunnels. Final report

Inventive problem-solving map of innovative carbon emission strategies for solar energy-based transportation investment projects

Emissions Gap Report 2014

Air pollution related to traffic emissions pose an especially significant problem in cities; this is due to its adverse impact on human health and well-being. Previous studies which have aimed to quantify emissions from the transportation sector have been limited by either simulated or coarsely resolved traffic volume data. Emissions inventories form the basis of urban pollution models, therefore in this study, Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectory data from a taxi fleet of over 15,000 vehicles were analyzed with the aim of predicting air pollution emissions for Singapore. This novel approach enabled the quantification of instantaneous drive cycle parameters in high spatio-temporal resolution, which provided the basis for a microscopic emissions model. Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were thus estimated. Highly localized areas of elevated emissions levels were identified, with a spatio-temporal precision not possible with previously used methods for estimating emissions. Relatively higher emissions areas were mainly concentrated in a few districts that were the Singapore Downtown Core area, to the north of the central urban region and to the east of it. Daily emissions quantified for the total motor vehicle population of Singapore were found to be comparable to another emissions dataset. Results demonstrated that high-resolution spatio-temporal vehicle traces detected using GPS in large taxi fleets could be used to infer highly localized areas of elevated acceleration and air pollution emissions in cities, and may become a complement to traditional emission estimates, especially in emerging cities and countries where reliable fine-grained urban air quality data is not easily available. This is the first study of its kind to investigate measured microscopic vehicle movement in tandem with microscopic emissions modeling for a substantial study domain.

Predicting vehicular emissions in high spatial resolution using pervasively measured transportation data and microscopic emissions model

Abstract This paper is aimed to systematically assess greenhouse gases (GHGs) and energy intensity of the granite rock mining operations in Thailand and also identify a range of feasible options to minimize their GHG emissions. Mining factories A, B and C, located in the Eastern region of Thailand, were selected as research case studies. The results indicated that the 3-year average of GHGs emissions from factories A to C was 3387 718 kgCO2e per year with approximately 2.92 kgCO2e per ton of granite rock produced over 2012 to 2014. Of this, the carbon intensity of grid-electricity consumption for the crushed rock production was 1.84 kgCO2/kWh. Diesel fuel combustion for transport activities in the mining factories was the greatest contributor to GHGs emissions (68 %) compared to the purchased electricity and explosion process, with 31 % and 1 %, respectively. In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) installation, haul truck payload optimization and management, and reduction in tire rolling resistance have shown potential to reduce carbon emissions accounted for 20 % to 70 %.

Greenhouse Gases and Energy Intensity of Granite Rock Mining Operations in Thailand: A Case of Industrial Rock-Construction

With the increasing international consensus concerning the negative effects of climate change, reducing greenhouse gases has become a higher priority in government policies and research committees. The transportation sector generates approximately 29% of the total greenhouse gas emissions and 25% of the global energy related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Thus, it is essential to understand the influencing factors of vehicle emissions and establish a corresponding evaluation model for the emission estimation of operating vehicles. This paper reviews different methods of measuring vehicle emissions, including laboratory measurements, on-road measurements, and tunnel measurements. Then, we summarize the factors affecting the emission evaluation of operating vehicles based on the vehicle operating features and road environment. Finally, the applications of vehicle emission evaluation models are analyzed, including the emission assessment of the vehicles operating at road segments and intersections. Based on this review, one can conclude that selecting different measurements will significantly impact the assessment of the vehicle emission results and the applicable scope of the measurements. Considering the different influencing factors of the operating vehicle emissions will have an impact on the model application of the vehicle emission evaluation. Moreover, several analysis methods for new technology vehicles can compensate for the potential lack in connectedness with the rapid development of new energy vehicle technology and the improvement of intelligent transportation systems (ITS).

Review of the studies on emission evaluation approaches for operating vehicles

Rethinking the carbon dioxide emissions of road sector: Integrating advanced vehicle technologies and construction supply chains mitigation options under decarbonization plans

Pu Lyu

Papers

Review of the studies on emission evaluation approaches for operating vehicles

Rethinking the carbon dioxide emissions of road sector: Integrating advanced vehicle technologies and construction supply chains mitigation options under decarbonization plans