다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Prospective Cohort Study

Cyclodextrins (CDs), which are a class of cyclic oligosaccharides extracted from the enzymatic degradation of starch, are often utilized in molecular recognition and assembly constructs, primarily via host-guest interactions in water. In this review, recent progress in CD-based supramolecular nanoassemblies that are sensitive to chemical, biological, and physical stimuli is updated and reviewed, and intriguing examples of the biological functions of these nanoassemblies are presented, including pH- and redox-responsive drug and gene delivery, enzyme-activated specific cargo release, photoswitchable morphological interconversion, microtubular aggregation, and cell-cell communication, as well as a geomagnetism-controlled nanosystem for the suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges in the fabrication of intelligent CD-based biofunctional materials are also discussed at the end of this review, which is expected to promote the translational development of these nanomaterials in the biomedical field.

Cyclodextrin-Based Multistimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Biological Functions.

Among the many challenges in medicine, the treatment and cure of cancer remains an outstanding goal given the complexity and diversity of the disease. Nanotheranostics, the integration of therapy and diagnosis in nanoformulations, is the next generation of personalized medicine to meet the challenges in precise cancer diagnosis, rational management and effective therapy, aiming to significantly increase the survival rate and improve the life quality of cancer patients. Different from most conventional platforms with unsatisfactory theranostic capabilities, supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics have unparalleled advantages in early-stage diagnosis and personal therapy, showing promising potential in clinical translations and applications. In this review, we summarize the progress of supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics and provide guidance for designing new targeted supramolecular theranostic agents. Based on extensive state-of-the-art research, our review will provide the existing and new researchers a foundation from which to advance supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics and promote translationally clinical applications.

Supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics

Pesticides and fertilizers are widely used to enhance agriculture yields, although the fraction of the pesticides applied in the field that reaches the targets is less than 0.1%. Such indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides is disadvantageous due to the cost implications and increasing human health and environmental concerns. In recent years, the utilization of nanotechnology to create novel formulations has shown great potential for diminishing the indiscriminate use of pesticides and providing environmentally safer alternatives. Smart nano-based pesticides are designed to efficiently delivery sufficient amounts of active ingredients in response to biotic and/or abiotic stressors that act as triggers, employing targeted and controlled release mechanisms. This review discusses the current status of stimuli-responsive release systems with potential to be used in agriculture, highlighting the challenges and drawbacks that need to be overcome in order to accelerate the global commercialization of smart nanopesticides.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12951-019-0533-8.pdf

Development of stimuli-responsive nano-based pesticides: emerging opportunities for agriculture

Paraquat, as one of the most widely used herbicides globally, is highly toxic to humans, and chronic exposure and acute ingestion leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Here, we report user-friendly, photo-responsive paraquat-loaded supramolecular vesicles, prepared via one-pot self-assembly of amphiphilic, ternary host-guest complexes between cucurbit[8]uril, paraquat, and an azobenzene derivative. In this vesicle formulation, paraquat is only released upon UV or sunlight irradiation that converts the azobenzene derivative from its trans- to its cis- form, which in turn dissociates the ternary host-guest complexations and the vesicles. The cytotoxicity evaluation of this vesicle formulation of paraquat on in vitro cell models, in vivo zebrafish models, and mouse models demonstrates an enhanced safety profile. Additionally, the PQ-loaded vesicles’ herbicidal activity against a model of invasive weed is nearly identical to that of free paraquat under natural sunlight. This study provides a safe yet effective herbicide formulation. Paraquat is a widely used herbicide that is highly toxic to humans upon acute ingestion or chronic exposure. Here, the authors generate a photosensitive formulation that releases paraquat upon exposure to UV light or sunlight, which shows an improved safety profile in zebrafish and mouse models, while maintaining substantial herbicidal activity.

/pdf/a-user-friendly-herbicide-derived-from-photo-responsive-g2kzdjoh7x.pdf

A user-friendly herbicide derived from photo-responsive supramolecular vesicles

In parallel with the prevalence metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in most countries. It features a constellation of simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. There are no approved drugs for effective management of NAFLD and NASH. Jianpi Huoxue formula (JPHX) mainly consists of Atractylodes macrocephal (Baizhu), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), Rasux Paeonia Alba (Baishao), Rhizoma Alismatis (Zexie), and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis (Wuweizi), which may have beneficial effects on NAFLD. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of JPHX on NAFLD. A NAFLD model was induced by methionine-choline-deficient food (MCD) in Wistar rats and orally administered with simultaneous JPHX, once a day for 8 weeks. Hepatocellular injury, lipid profile, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that JPHX significantly decreased the abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels compared with the MCD model (P<0.05). Furthermore, JPHX protected MCD diet-fed rats from accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Histological examination demonstrated that JPHX noticeably normalized the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Moreover, JPHX ameliorated liver inflammation by decreasing TNF-α levels and reduced collagen and matrix metalloproteinases in MCD diet-fed rats. In addition, JPHX prevented rats from MCD-induced cellular apoptosis, as suggested by TUNEL staining, and suppressed the activation of caspase 3 and 7 proteins. JPHX also inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. In conclusion, JPHX exhibited a hepatoprotective effect against NAFLD in an MCD experimental model.

/pdf/hepatoprotective-effect-of-jianpi-huoxue-formula-on-2z8wlbgzuz.pdf

Hepatoprotective Effect of Jianpi Huoxue Formula on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet in Rat

Objective To evaluate the effect LMHFV on body weight gain, NAFLD and muscle strength and explore effect in mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPKα and p38 pathways. Methods Vibration platform used in this study provides specific whole-body cyclic mechanical stimulation at low magnitude (0.3 g) and high frequency (50 Hz). Diabetic mice (8-9 mice per group) (C57BL/KsJ-m+/+Leprdb) were randomly divided into untreated group (no vibration) and two vibration groups. Lean mice (8 mice) were used as non-diabetic control for both groups. Two diabetic vibration groups received LMHFV every day for 20 min/day and 40 min/day separately. Results After 8 weeks of treatment, results showed that body weight, liver weight, fat pad weight, glucose level and insulin level were lower in vibration group when compared with the untreated group. The ratio of fat in liver was significantly decreased after vibration treatment. Muscle strength was significantly increased after vibration. Mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression was increased in soleus, gastrocnemius and liver. AMPKα mRNA expression level was increased in soleus and gastrocnemius after vibration treatment. p38 and AMPKα mRNA expression level and protein expression level in liver were enhanced with vibration treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of p38 and AMPKα was enhanced in liver. Conclusion LMHFV applied in our study decreases body weight gain and improves muscle strength and NAFLD in diabetic mice which were partly through improving mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing p38 and AMPKα pathway.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=57174

Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration Decreases Body Weight Gain and Increases Muscle Strength by Enhancing the p38 and AMPK Pathways in db/db Mice.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for which there is yet any standard pharmacotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine formula such as Qushihuayu (QSHY) composing of multiple bioactive compounds has been used to treat NAFLD and NASH and shows beneficial effects over single compound treatment. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of hepatoprotective effect of QSHY formula using a rat model. Six-weeks old male Wistar rats were given methionine/choline supplemented (MCS) diet for 8 weeks and used as the blank control. Another 7 rats, which received methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet in the first 6 weeks and a MCS&MCD (1:1) mixture diet in the last 2 weeks, were used as the model group. The groups of QSHY pre-treatment, low dosage, medium dosage and high dosage were given the same diet as the model group. Except for pre-treatment group (1 week in advanced of other groups), all QSHY treatment groups received QSHY formula by gavage every day since the MCD diet started. In the MCD diet group, the QSHY formula decreased the serum ALT and AST levels, lipid droplets, inflammation foci, FAS and α-SMA protein expression than MCD diet group. MAPK pathways phospharylation were markedly depressed by the QSHY formula. Moreover, QSHY formula enhanced PPAR-γ and p-p65 translocating into nucleus. The administration of QSHY increased hepatic mRNA levels of Transcription Factor 1 alpha (HNF1A), Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) and Forkhead box protein A3 (FOXA3) which play a pivotal role in Hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) reprogramming. These findings suggest that QSHY formula exerts a hepatoprotective effect against steatosis and fibrosis presumably via depressed MAPK pathways phosphorylation, reinforcement of PPAR-γ and p-p65 translocating into nucleus and enhanced HSCs reprogramming.

/pdf/hepatoprotective-effect-of-qushihuayu-formula-on-non-4pnglze1h3.pdf

Qingping Lan

Papers

A user-friendly herbicide derived from photo-responsive supramolecular vesicles

Hepatoprotective Effect of Jianpi Huoxue Formula on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet in Rat

Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration Decreases Body Weight Gain and Increases Muscle Strength by Enhancing the p38 and AMPK Pathways in db/db Mice.

Hepatoprotective effect of Qushihuayu formula on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by MCD diet in rat