https://www.tpbin.com/Uploads/Subjects/643149a0-8194-4c67-bf05-73fae6f0d14f.pdf

Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications

Owing to its superior tribological and mechanical properties with corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility, diamond-like carbon (DLC) has emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications. DLC films with various atomic bond structures and compositions are finding places in orthopedic, cardiovascular, and dental applications. Cells grew on to DLC coating without any cytotoxity and inflammation. DLC coatings in orthopedic applications reduced wear, corrosion, and debris formation. DLC coating also reduced thrombogenicity by minimizing the platelet adhesion and activation. However, some contradictory results (Airoldi et al., Am J Cardiol 2004;93:474-477, Taeger et al., Mat-wiss u Werkstofftech 2003;34:1094-1100) were also reported that no significant improvement was observed in the performance of DLC-coated stainless stent or DLC-coated femoral head. This controversy should be discussed based on the detailed information of the coating such as atomic bond structure, composition, and/or electronic structure. In addition, instability of the DLC coating caused by its high level of residual stress and poor adhesion in aqueous environment should be carefully considered. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are thus required to confirm its use for medical devices.

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Biomedical applications of diamond-like carbon coatings : A review

Global energy consumption due to friction and wear in the mining industry

Pin-on-disk wear behavior in a like-on-like configuration in a biological environment of high carbon cast and low carbon forged Co–29Cr–6Mo alloys

A review on nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels for biomedical applications

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jor.21020

Wear mechanisms in metal‐on‐metal bearings: The importance of tribochemical reaction layers

To control and minimize wear of metal-on-metal hip joints it is essential to understand the mechanisms of debris generation. In vivo, mainly nanosize globular and needle-shaped particles are found. These can neither stem from the action of abrasion nor from tribochemical reactions. In this study the acting wear mechanisms have been first identified on the surface by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, the microstructures of the subsurface regions of explants have been investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Observation of the subsurface gave additional insight about the microstructural changes of cobalt-base alloys subjected to wear. At some distance from the surface, a network of stacking faults and hexagonal ϵ-martensite was found strengthening the bulk material. This microstructure changed into a nanocrystalline type moving closer towards the surface. A comparison of in vivo debris size and grain size of the surface suggests that the globular wear particles result from torn off nanocrystals, while the needle shaped particles are generated by fractured ϵ-martensite. Identified cracks, propagating through the nanocrystalline layer, further support these findings. Thus, it is suggested that the dominating mechanism of particle generation for metal-on-metal joints is surface fatigue within a nanocrystalline surface layer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 206–214, 2005

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbm.b.30132

R. Büscher

Papers

Wear mechanisms in metal‐on‐metal bearings: The importance of tribochemical reaction layers

Subsurface microstructure of metal‐on‐metal hip joints and its relationship to wear particle generation

The pathways of dynamic recrystallization in all-metal hip joints

Microstructure of tribologically induced nanolayers produced at ultra-low wear rates

Correlation of structural properties of commercial DLC-coatings to their tribological performance in biomedical applications