Electrodialysis Desalination for Water and Wastewater: A Review

Electrodialysis for water desalination: A critical assessment of recent developments on process fundamentals, models and applications

Fouling on ion-exchange membranes: Classification, characterization and strategies of prevention and control.

Studies on anion exchange membranes having permselectivity for specific anions in electrodialysis — effect of hydrophilicity of anion exchange membranes on permselectivity of anions

Monovalent-ion-selective membranes for reverse electrodialysis

Surface modification of anion-exchange electrodialysis membranes to enhance anti-fouling characteristics

The use of redox potential as a control parameter of wastewater treatment processes for characterizing the natural water condition and estimating the antioxidant properties of drinking water has been investigated.

The use of redox potential in water treatment processes

Production of sodium hypochlorite in an electrolyser equipped with a ceramic membrane

Electromembrane extraction of Zn from Na-containing solutions using hybrid electrodialysis-ion exchange method

The removal of a set of contaminations consisting of hardness salts, iron, humic substances, and microorganisms by using a unit combining electrochemical treatment and filtration is investigated. Constructively, the electrochemical unit is based on the flask of a standard domestic water filter equipped with a filtering cartridge, in the form of hollow cylinder, filled with sintered activated carbon. A graphite anode is placed on the inside of the cartridge, and a steel mesh cathode is placed coaxially outside the cartridge. In experiments, we use tap water from the Kiev’s water supply network characterized by a total hardness of 4.5 mg-eq/L (the concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions are 70 and 12 mg/L, respectively) and a carbonate alkalinity of 3.6 mg-eq/L. Model solutions are prepared by adding either iron(II) (as FeCl2) or humic acid to water to a concentration of 7 and 20 mg/L, respectively; Bacillus subtilis is also added to a concentration of 104 CFU/L. To evaluate the effectiveness of using the filtering cartridge, water electrolysis is carried out in two configurations: in the presence and absence of the filtering cartridge, without separating the electrode compartments. In experiments without the cartridge, the current slightly decreases from 0.5 to 0.45 A (i.e., by only 10%), while the hardness falls by only 12%. In experiments with the cartridge, the current falls to a steady value amounting to 40% of its initial value, while the hardness falls from 4.6 to 0.28 mg-eq/L (i.e., by 93%) and the concentrations of iron, humic substances, and bacteria decrease from 7 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 5 × 104 CFU/mL to 0.01 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 0 CFU/mL, respectively. The energy consumption of the unit is up to 2 kWh/m3.

Water Softening and Disinfection Using an Electrolysis Unit with a Filtering Cartridge

R. D. Chebotareva

Papers

Surface modification of anion-exchange electrodialysis membranes to enhance anti-fouling characteristics

The use of redox potential in water treatment processes

Production of sodium hypochlorite in an electrolyser equipped with a ceramic membrane

Electromembrane extraction of Zn from Na-containing solutions using hybrid electrodialysis-ion exchange method

Water Softening and Disinfection Using an Electrolysis Unit with a Filtering Cartridge