A new approach for real time voltage control using demand response in an automated distribution system

A system and method is provided for detecting an island condition using active detection. The active detection involves biasing the voltage, frequency, current or phase of a distributed resource connected to a utility network. Biasing the distributed resource involves inducing a change of voltage, frequency, current or phases above or below the normal operating values. The impact of this biasing on the system operating parameters can then be measure to determine if an island condition exists. Once an island condition has been detected, the system can initiate an anti-islanding procedure to remove the distributed resource from the utility network such as opening a breaker connecting the distributed resource to the network. Additionally, the system and method can include a passive element for detecting frequency and voltage (or other parameters) shifts above certain points.

System and method for island detection

Rapid industrialization and its automation on the globe demands increased generation of electrical energy with more reliability and quality. Renewable energy (RE) sources are considered as a green form of energy and extensively used as an alternative source of energy for conventional energy sources to meet the increased demand for electrical power. However, these sources, when integrated to the utility grid, pose challenges in maintaining the power quality (PQ) and stability of the power system network. This is due to the unpredictable and variable nature of generation by these sources. The distributed flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) devices such as distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) play an active role in mitigating PQ issues associated with RE penetration. The performance of DFACTS devices is mostly dependent on the type of control algorithms employed for switching of these devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various conventional and adaptive algorithms used to control DFACTS devices for improvement of power quality in utility grids with RE penetration. This review intends to provide a summary of the design, experimental hardware, performance and feasibility aspects of these algorithms reported in the literature. More than 170 research publications are critically reviewed, classified, and listed for quick reference for the advantage of engineers and academician working in this area.

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Comprehensive Review of Distributed FACTS Control Algorithms for Power Quality Enhancement in Utility Grid With Renewable Energy Penetration

The integration of distributed sources into existing networks brings up several technical, economical and regulatory questions. In terms of physical integration, protection is one of the major issues. Therefore new protection schemes for both distributed generators (DG) and utility distribution networks have been developed in the recent years, but there are still open questions. This document is the result of a literature study and intends to give an overview of issues and current state concerning protection of DG. The first part gives a basic introduction to distributed generation and power system protection. In section 2 protection issues concerning DG are outlined, then the current practice is described in section 3. In section 4 some new approaches in this field are reported and finally section 5 concludes with an outlook.

Protection of Power Systems with Distributed Generation: State of the Art

Hydropower is a major energy source among the renewable energy sources. According to “BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2013”, 16.34 percentage of global power generation acquire from hydropower. To attain efficient generation in hydro plant, extensive design with the up to date technology is mandatory. To make the generation more effective various technologies are adopted, among these the very effective one is power electronics (PE) technology. The paper has reviewed the challenges in how PE technology fits in as the solution for various hydroelectric energy systems (HEES). The PE technology is adapted efficiently in various parts of HEES like, grid integration, machine control, switching (pumping mode to generating mode and vice versa), power control, voltage and frequency control, power factor correction, etc., The advancement of PE technology diminishes the cost and space of the plant and enhances the power handling capability. The paper emergence the outstanding features of power electronics in various aspects that will extensively contribute to the development of HEES around the world. In addition, PE contribution satisfies the need of reliability, dynamic response, efficiency, protection, etc., in HEES.

Power electronics in hydro electric energy systems – A review

There are major issues and obstacles to an orderly transition to using and integrating all distributed power resources with electric power systems (grid or utility grid). The lack of national interconnection standards and tests for interconnection operation and certification, as well as the lack of national building, electrical, and safety codes, are understood and resolving that needs reasonable lead time to develop and promulgate consensus. The IEEE P1547 interconnection standard should prove to be a benchmark milestone for both the IEEE standards consensus process and as a model for developing further national standards dedicated to the ongoing success of our nation's electric power system. Based on a fast-track timeline, the P1547 working group voted unanimously to complete a final P1547 draft so it could be ready for submittal to the IEEE Standards Association Standards Board for no later than their December 2001 meeting. The working group met its target of March 2001 for a balloted P1547 draft.

Status on developing IEEE standard P1547 for distributed power resources and electric power systems interconnection

The IEEE P1547 Standard For Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems is the first in the P1547-series of planned interconnection standards, and, there are additional standards needed. There are major issues and obstacles to an orderly transition to using and integrating distributed power resources with electric power systems (grid or utility grid). The lack of uniform national interconnection standards and tests for interconnection operation and certification, as well as the lack of uniform national building, electrical, and safety codes, are understood, and, resolving that needs reasonable lead time to develop and promulgate consensus. The P1547 standard is a benchmark milestone for the IEEE standards consensus process and successfully demonstrates a model for ongoing success in developing further national standards and for moving forward in modernizing our nation's electric power system.

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R.D. DeBlasio

Papers

Status on developing IEEE standard P1547 for distributed power resources and electric power systems interconnection

IEEE P1547-series of standards for interconnection