In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response.

Summary Background There is increasing evidence for acute traumatic coagulopathy occurring prior to emergency room (ER) admission but detailed information is lacking. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis using the German Trauma Registry database including 17,200 multiple injured patients was conducted to determine (a) to what extent clinically relevant coagulopathy has already been established upon ER admission, and whether its presence was associated (b) with the amount of intravenous fluids (i.v.) administered pre-clinically, (c) with the magnitude of injury, and (d) with impaired outcome and mortality. Eight thousand seven hundred and twenty-four patients with complete data sets were screened. Results Coagulopathy upon ER admission as defined by prothrombin time test (Quick's value) −1 , was present in 34.2% of all patients. There was an increasing incidence for coagulopathy with increasing amounts of i.v. fluids administered pre-clinically. Coagulopathy was observed in >40% of patients with >2000ml, in >50% with >3000ml, and in >70% with >4000ml administered. Ten percentage of patients presented with clotting disorders although pre-clinical resuscitation was limited to 500ml of i.v. fluids maximum. The mean ISS score in the coagulopathy group was 30 (S.D. 15) versus 21 (S.D. 12) ( p p p p Conclusion There is a high frequency of established coagulopathy in multiple injury upon ER admission. The presence of early traumatic coagulopathy was associated with the amount of intravenous fluids administered pre-clinically, magnitude of injury, and impaired outcome.

Early coagulopathy in multiple injury: An analysis from the German Trauma Registry on 8724 patients

ACS,American Cancer Society;AD,Alzheimer’s disease;AMI,acute myocardial infarction;APHEA,air pollution and health effects—a European approach;APHENA,air pollution and health: a European and North A...

Health effects of particulate air pollution: A review of epidemiological evidence.

Tears have antimicrobial, nourishing, mechanical, and optical properties. They contain components such as growth factors, fibronectin, and vitamins to support proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. A lack of these epitheliotrophic factors—for example, in dry eye, can result in severe ocular surface disorders such as persistent epithelial defects. Recently, the use of autologous serum in the form of eye drops has been reported as a new treatment for severe ocular surface disorders. Serum eye drops may be produced as an unpreserved blood preparation. They are by nature non-allergenic and their biomechanical and biochemical properties are similar to normal tears. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that corneal epithelial cell morphology and function are better maintained by serum than by pharmaceutical tear substitutes. Clinical cohort studies have reported its successful use for severe dry eyes and persistent epithelial defects. However, the protocols to prepare and use autologous serum eye drops varied considerably between the studies. As this can result in different biochemical properties protocol variations may also influence the epitheliotrophic effect of the product. Before the definitive role of serum eye drops in the management of severe ocular surface disease can be established in a large randomised controlled trial this has to be evaluated in more detail. In view of legislative restrictions and based upon the literature reviewed here a preliminary standard operating procedure for the manufacture of serum eye drops is proposed.

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/88/11/1467.full.pdf

Autologous serum eye drops for ocular surface disorders

Rationale: Ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Objectives: A prospective panel study was conducted to study the early physiologic reactions characterized by blood biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation in response to daily changes in air pollution in Erfurt, Germany.Methods: Blood parameters were repeatedly measured in 57 male patients with coronary heart disease during the winter of 2000/2001. Fixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were applied, adjusting for trend, weekday, and meteorologic parameters.Measurements: Hourly data on ultrafine particles (UFPs; number concentration of particles from 0.01 to 0.1 μm), mass concentration of particles less than 10 (PM10) and 2.5 μm in diameter, elemental and organic carbon, gaseous pollutants, and meteorologic data were collected at central monitoring sites.Main Results: Increased levels of C-reactive protein above the 90th percentile were observed for an inc...

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.200507-1123OC

Air pollution and markers of inflammation and coagulation in patients with coronary heart disease.

Versteht man unter „Routinelabor“ das Anforderungsprofil, das unabhangig von Anamnese und klinischem Befund bei jedem Patienten mit zunachst unbekannter Diagnose oder unbekannter Komplikation eines Patienten mit bekannter Diagnose sinnvoll und notwendig ist, so sind vereinfacht zwei Situationen zu unterscheiden:

R. Ferlinz

Papers

Labor und Diagnose